Impulsivity and Inhibitory Control

Logan, Gordon D.; Schachar, Russell; Tannock, Rosemary

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00545.x

Cited by 1,171 publications

(1,051 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The model also predicts that changes in stop-signal delay can compensate for changes in go RT to align inhibition functions from different conditions, strategies, tasks, and subjects (Logan, 1981;. This prediction justifies the common practice of adjusting stop-signal delay with a tracking procedure to produce a desired probability of inhibition (Logan et al, 1997;Osman et al, 1986).…”

Section: The Independent Race Modelmentioning

confidence: 81%

On the ability to inhibit thought and action: General and special theories of an act of control.

Logan¹,

Zandt²,

Verbruggen³

et al. 2014

Psychological Review

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548

389

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Response inhibition is an important act of control in many domains of psychology and neuroscience. It is often studied in a stop-signal task that requires subjects to inhibit an ongoing action in response to a stop signal. Performance in the stop-signal task is understood as a race between a go process that underlies the action and a stop process that inhibits the action. Responses are inhibited if the stop process finishes before the go process. The finishing time of the stop process is not directly observable; a mathematical model is required to estimate its duration. developed an independent race model that is widely used for this purpose. We present a general race model that extends the independent race model to account for the role of choice in go and stop processes, and a special race model that assumes each runner is a stochastic accumulator governed by a diffusion process. We apply the models to 2 data sets to test assumptions about selective influence of capacity limitations on drift rates and strategies on thresholds, which are largely confirmed. The model provides estimates of distributions of stop-signal response times, which previous models could not estimate. We discuss implications of viewing cognitive control as the result of a repertoire of acts of control tailored to different tasks and situations.

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Section: The Independent Race Modelmentioning

confidence: 81%

On the ability to inhibit thought and action: General and special theories of an act of control.

Logan¹,

Zandt²,

Verbruggen³

et al. 2014

Psychological Review

Self Cite

548

389

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stopsignal reaction time, which we calculated by subtracting mean SSD from mean RT of all trials (Logan, Schachar, & Tannock, 1997), was 201 ms (SD ϭ 39 ms).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term aftereffects of response inhibition: Memory retrieval, task goals, and cognitive control.

Verbruggen

Logan

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Cognitive control theories attribute control to executive processes that adjust and control behavior online. Theories of automaticity attribute control to memory retrieval. In the present study, online adjustments and memory retrieval were examined, and their roles in controlling performance in the stop-signal paradigm were elucidated. There was evidence of short-term response time adjustments after unsuccessful stopping. In addition, it was found that memory retrieval can slow responses for 1-20 trials after successful inhibition, which suggests the automatic retrieval of task goals. On the basis of these findings, the authors concluded that cognitive control can rely on both memory retrieval and executive processes.

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“…The Stop Signal Task (SST) 12 is based on the notion that impulsive behaviour can be operationalized as a diminished ability to inhibit prepotent responses. In order to measure inhibitory control a behavioural computer task was developed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Insufficient prepotent response inhibition reflects a slower response of impulsive people to inhibition signals. 11,12 Despite these differences both aspects of impulsivity have been linked to obesity: Nederkoorn and colleagues 13 found that obese children were more reward sensitive and worse at prepotent response inhibition than control children. Obese adult women also appeared to be worse response inhibitors than lean controls, especially towards the end of the computer task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first study 19 participants performed the Stop Signal Task (SST) which measures response inhibition. 12 This task was followed by a bogus taste test. Participants were presented with a bowl of 'sugar beans', almond-shaped chocolate candies covered in a layer of sugar, and were asked to taste these and to fill in a bogus taste perception questionnaire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interaction between impulsivity and a varied food environment: its influence on food intake and overweight

2007

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Objective: The current study tests the influence of two factors, the obesogenic environment and impulsivity, on food intake in primary school children. Our current food environment offers a large variety of cheap and easily available sweet and fatty foods. This obesogenic environment is believed to be a cause of the recent obesity epidemic. Impulsive people are generally less successful at inhibiting prepotent responses and they are reward sensitive. We investigate whether the interaction between an obesogenic environment and an impulsive person leads to overeating. Design: A quasi-experimental 2 (reward sensitive versus not reward sensitive) by 2 (successful response inhibitors versus unsuccessful response inhibitors) by 2 (monotonous versus varied food environment) between-subjects design with caloric intake during a taste test as the main dependent variable. The link between impulsivity and overweight was also examined. Subjects: 78 healthy primary school children (age: 8-10 years). Measurements: We measured two aspects of impulsivity: reward sensitivity and deficient response inhibition. Subsequently, one aspect of the obesogenic environment was manipulated; half of the participants received monotonous food during a bogus taste test whereas the other half tasted food that was varied in colour, form, taste and texture. Results: As expected, reward sensitivity interacted with variety. In the monotony group there was no difference in food intake between the less and more reward-sensitive children (183 kcal ± 23 s.d. versus 180 kcal ± 21 s.d.). However, in the variety group the more reward-sensitive children ingested significantly more calories than the less reward-sensitive children (237 kcal±30 s.d. versus 141 kcal ± 19 s.d.). Reward sensitivity was not linked to overweight. Deficient response inhibition did not interact with variety, but it was linked to overweight. Conclusion: It is suggested that reward sensitivity could be a causal mechanism for overeating in an obesogenic environment whereas prepotent response inhibition may be a maintaining factor of the problem of overeating.

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Impulsivity and Inhibitory Control

Abstract: Abstract-We

Cited by 1,171 publications

References 12 publications

On the ability to inhibit thought and action: General and special theories of an act of control.

On the ability to inhibit thought and action: General and special theories of an act of control.

Long-term aftereffects of response inhibition: Memory retrieval, task goals, and cognitive control.

The interaction between impulsivity and a varied food environment: its influence on food intake and overweight

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