Impulsivity and decision-making in obsessive-compulsive disorder after effective deep brain stimulation or treatment as usual

Abstract

OCD patients effectively treated with vALIC-DBS or TAU display increased reflection impulsivity and impaired decision-making independent of the type of treatment.

Addicted to compulsion: assessing three core dimensions of addiction across obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder

“…Our impulsivity results are in line with previous literature showing that OCD patients display higher cognitive impulsivity than HCs on the BIS-11 scale, 2,4,36 and with previous studies showing both cognitive and motor impulsivity as core features of GD patients. 37 Indeed, both OCD and GD patients showed increased impulsivity than HCs but differently driven by cognitive and both cognitive and motor impulsivity, respectively.…”

“…Decision-making results in our study are largely in line with previous literature showing impaired performances on the IGT when compared to HCs for both OCD and GD patients. 2,3,6,26,38 In our sample both OCD and GD patients showed impaired decision-making performances than HCs and specifically they performed worse than controls on the last three blocks of cards, putatively assessing decision-making under risky conditions. However, it is still debated if the IGT is really able to distinguish decision-making under ambiguity and under risk, and therefore it is mainly considered a decision-making task under ambiguous conditions.…”

“…In the past years a growing body of evidence suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients display increased impulsivity, impaired decisionmaking, and reward system dysfunction. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) (www.nimh.nih.gov) perspective, these findings are prototypical for addiction and recently have led some authors in the past years to view OCD as a behavioral addiction. In this perspective, comparable to addiction, OCD is perceived as process, in which patients with OCD develop over time a dependency upon their compulsive behaviors because of the rewarding effect when performed perfectly or when compulsions reduce obsession-induced anxiety or distress.…”

“…Similar to common findings in addiction, OCD patients demonstrated increased cognitive impulsivity and impaired decision-making compared to HCs. 2 Gambling disorder (GD), which is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5, American Psychological Association, 2013) in the substance-related and addictive disorders chapter, represents the prototype of a behavioral addiction. In an RDoC perspective, increased impulsivity, risky decision-making, and reward system dysfunction represent three core dimensions of GD.…”

Clinical Correlates of False Positive Assignment in Bipolar Screening Measures Across Psychiatric Diagnoses among Patients without Bipolar Disorder

“…Consistent with Cyprien et al, several studies reported that positive assignment from the MDQ was significantly associated with more severe forms of depression. [29][30][31] It is particularly notable that the MDQ (+) group showed associations with clinical factors that could be related to trait impulsivity, including alcohol-use disorder, 32 obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCIR), 33 and lifetime suicide attempts. 34 Both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression had greater impulsivity compared with healthy controls, 35 and impulsivity predicted increased risk for developing hypomania.…”