Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events: Extreme-Ultraviolet Waves and Jets

Bučík, R.

doi:10.3389/fspas.2021.807961

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Another type III burst at 22 May 02:55 (also a C6.1 flare) may be in the time range to be considered for Event 4, especially since it is accompanied by an electron event. But it is linked to a global EUV wave, which is usually not associated with 3 He-rich SEP events (but see, for example, Nitta et al, 2015;Bučík et al, 2015Bučík et al, , 2016Bučík, 2022). Events 5 and 6 occur after a long dropout.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar activities associated with 3He-rich solar energetic particle events observed by Solar Orbiter

Nitta

Bučík

Mason

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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A series of 3He-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events was observed by Solar Orbiter in May 2021 at a radial distance of 0.95 AU. An isolated active region AR 12824 was likely the ultimate source of these SEP events. The period of the enhanced flux of 3He was also a period of frequent type III bursts in the decametric-hectometric range, confirming their close relationship. As in past studies, we try to find the solar activities possibly responsible for 3He-rich SEP events, using the type III bursts close to the particle injection times estimated from the velocity dispersion. But this exercise is not as straightforward as in many of the past studies since the region produced many more type III bursts and jet-like eruptions than the SEP injections. We may generalize the solar activities for the 3He-rich SEP events in question as coronal jets, but their appearances do not necessarily conform to classic jets that consist of a footpoint and a spire. Conversely, such jets often did not accompany type III bursts. The areas that produced jet-like eruptions changed within the active region from the first to the second set of 3He-rich SEP events, which may be related to the extended coronal mass ejection that launched stealthily.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other forms of solar activities associated with 3 He-rich SEP events may include compact brightenings, eruptions more extended than a jet, EUV waves, etc. (e.g., Nitta et al, 2015;Bučík et al, 2016Bučík et al, , 2021Bučík, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar activities associated with 3He-rich solar energetic particle events observed by Solar Orbiter

Nitta

Bučík

Mason

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Solar Energetic Particle Charge States and Abundances with Nonthermal Electrons

Lee,

Kahler,

Raymond

et al. 2024

ApJ

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An important aspect of solar energetic particle (SEP) events is their source populations. Elemental abundance enhancements of impulsive SEP events, originating in presumed coronal reconnection episodes, can be fitted to steep power laws of A/Q, where A and Q are the atomic mass and ionic charge. Since thermal electron energies are enhanced and nonthermal electron distributions arise in the reconnection process, we might expect that ionic charge states Q would be increased through ionization interactions with those electron populations during the acceleration process. The temperature estimated from the SEPs corresponds to the charge state during the acceleration process, while the actual charge state measured in situ may be modified as the SEPs pass through the corona. We examine whether the temperature estimation from the A/Q would differ with various κ values in a κ function representing high-energy tail deviating from a Maxwellian velocity distribution. We find that the differences in the A/Q between a Maxwellian and an extreme κ distribution are about 10%–30%. We fit power-law enhancement of element abundances as a function of their A/Q with various κ values. Then, we find that the derived source region temperature is not significantly affected by whether or not the electron velocity distribution deviates from a Maxwellian, i.e., thermal, distribution. Assuming that electrons are heated in the acceleration region, the agreement of the SEP charge state during acceleration with typical active region temperatures suggests that SEPs are accelerated and leave the acceleration region in a shorter time than the ionization timescale.

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Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events: Extreme-Ultraviolet Waves and Jets

Cited by 2 publications

References 63 publications

Solar activities associated with 3He-rich solar energetic particle events observed by Solar Orbiter

Solar activities associated with 3He-rich solar energetic particle events observed by Solar Orbiter

Solar Energetic Particle Charge States and Abundances with Nonthermal Electrons

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