Impulsive removal of Pb(II) at a 3-D reticulated vitreous carbon cathode

Ramalan, Nurul Hanis Mohd; Karoonian, Fatemeh Salehi; Etesami, Mohammad; Wen-Min, Soh; Hasnat, Mohammad A.; Mohamed, Norita

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.07.006

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The obvious advantages of an electrogenerative system are that it generates an external flow of current as by‐product; it is able to recover a low concentration of ion from a diluted solution, as opposed to an electrolytic process; ease of operation, because of simple process configuration; low maintenance requirement; and, finally, electrogenerative reactors can be operated in various configurations and designs. Several applications of electrogenerative system such as recovery of metal ions in diluted solutions have been reported and the results were comparable to other treatment technologies 7‐14 . In addition, this system has a potential to be integrated with other existing chemical processing technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Several applications of electrogenerative system such as recovery of metal ions in diluted solutions have been reported and the results were comparable to other treatment technologies. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In addition, this system has a potential to be integrated with other existing chemical processing technologies. A batch reactor was reported to achieve more than 99% of gold recovery from cyanide and chloride solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical recovery of low concentration of palladium from palladium(II) chloride of electroplating wastewater

Mansor

Mohamed

Suah

2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: An electrochemical recovery of low concentration of palladium from a diluted palladium(II) chloride electroplating wastewater is presented. The electrochemical method used was an electrogenerative system which operated with a batch reactor.RESULTS: A three-dimensional cathode material of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) appeared to give the reactor less polarization compared to a three-dimensional porous graphite and two-dimensional stainless steel. Mass transport study confirmed RVC as the most suitable cathode in this electrogenerative system. The generated flow current of this system was supported by high performance of zinc as anode, compared to aluminium. Sulfuric acid served as the best cathode activation solution, having the highest recovery rate, with >90% of palladium being recovered in 5 h. Low concentrations of palladium(II) chloride solutions (100-500 mg L −1 ) were recovered at pH 5. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of deposited palladium on the cathode. It was shown that a pure metallic palladium deposits from chloride solution were obtained. Finally, the developed electrochemical reactor was also used to recover palladium from diluted electroplating wastewaters, and the results were satisfactory (>90% recovery).CONCLUSION: This research shows that the electrogenerative system has the potential to recover palladium from diluted electroplating wastewaters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical recovery of low concentration of palladium from palladium(II) chloride of electroplating wastewater

Mansor

Mohamed

Suah

2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…A generic schematic of the experimental apparatus described in all the papers analyzed herein is shown in Figure 3 , while Figure 4 shows an example of the porous 3-dimensional RVC cathode on which the depletion process is based. Further details are reported in papers [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 50 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrodes may be flat (two-dimensional solid electrodes) or porous (three-dimensional), either with a horizontal or vertical configuration [ 30 ]. The electrochemical methodology and reactors, especially when equipped with three-dimensional electrodes, have proved to be very efficient to decrease the amounts of metals in aqueous solutions [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and have allowed the authors, in a previous study [ 46 ], to obtain a successful depletion of Ni +2 and Co +2 . Considering that the hydrodynamic processes of ions transporting and reducing at reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathodes are usually studied under mass-transfer control conditions, the dimensionless analysis is based on (i) the Sherwood number, which takes into account the convective and diffusive mass transports, and (ii) the Reynolds number, which considers the hydrodynamic condition of the flows passing through the RVC three-dimensional electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review

Dell’Era,

Lupi,

Ciro

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, and Co+2, often present in wastewater, has been carried out. By analyzing the kinetics and fluid dynamics of the process found in literature, a general dimensionless equation, Sh = f(Re), has been determined, describing a general trend for all the analyzed systems regardless of the geometry, dimensions, and starting conditions. Thus, a map in the log(Sh) vs. log(Re) plane has been reported by characterizing the whole ion electrochemical depletion process and highlighting the existence of a good correlation among all the results. Moreover, because in recent years, the interest in using this three-dimensional cathode material seems to have slowed, the intent is to revive it as a useful tool for metal recovery, recycling processes, and water treatments.

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“…Many methods have been adopted to improve the current efficiency of Ga electrodeposition, such as selecting cathode materials with high hydrogen evolution overpotential, 17,18 electrode pretreatment, 19 and enhancing the mass transport rate. 16,20 Threedimensional porous electrode materials have been generally used for heavy metal ion removal from low concentration wastewater [21][22][23][24][25] due to their large surface area and efficient enhancement of mass transfer in flow cell. Zhu 26 researched the mass transfer performance of porous nickel at a set flow velocity, and reported that the mass transfer coefficient of porous nickel is up to seven times higher than that of a solid nickel plate electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect and Mechanism of Cu Foams with Different Porosity on Kinetic Parameters of Ga Electrodeposition: Accompanied by Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Liu

Dong²,

Cai³

2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The process of Ga electrodeposition is usually accompanied by intense hydrogen evolution reaction, so the escape rate of hydrogen bubbles from the electrode surface has a great influence on Ga electrodeposition. Here, Cu foams with different porosity were applied to study the effect of the escape rate of hydrogen bubbles on Ga electrodeposition. When Ga electrodeposition is controlled by mass transport process, Cu foams with high porosity exhibit a higher reaction rate of Ga electrodeposition because of their faster bubble escape rate. The larger pore channel diameter of Cu foam with low porosity reduces the escape rate of hydrogen bubbles and hinders the mass transfer process. The addition of surfactant accelerates the escape rate of bubbles from the electrode surface, thus promoting the mass transfer process and leading to an increase in the current efficiency of Ga electrodeposition. It is also found that the process of Ga electrodeposition is controlled by nucleation rate at the early stage. Due to the rapid separation of hydrogen bubbles, Cu foams with high porosity provide more effective sites per unit surface area. Therefore, Cu foams with high porosity have a higher nucleation rate and a lower induced time for Ga electrodeposition.

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Impulsive removal of Pb(II) at a 3-D reticulated vitreous carbon cathode

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Electrochemical recovery of low concentration of palladium from palladium(II) chloride of electroplating wastewater

Electrochemical recovery of low concentration of palladium from palladium(II) chloride of electroplating wastewater

Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review

Effect and Mechanism of Cu Foams with Different Porosity on Kinetic Parameters of Ga Electrodeposition: Accompanied by Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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