Impulsive people have a compulsion for immediate gratificationâ€”certain or uncertain

Białaszek, Wojciech; Gaik, Maciej; McGoun, Elton G.; Zielonka, Piotr

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00515

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Bialaszek et al, 2015). That is, when outcomes were both delayed and probabilistic and the probability of an outcome decreased, delay discounting became nearly flat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of delay and probability combinations on discounting in humans

Cox

Dallery

2016

Behavioural Processes

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To determine discount rates, researchers typically adjust the amount of an immediate or certain option relative to a delayed or uncertain option. Because this adjusting amount method can be relatively time consuming, researchers have developed more efficient procedures. One such procedure is a 5-trial adjusting delay procedure, which measures the delay at which an amount of money loses half of its value (e.g., $1000 is valued at $500 with a 10-year delay to its receipt). Experiment 1 (n = 212) used 5-trial adjusting delay or probability tasks to measure delay discounting of losses, probabilistic gains, and probabilistic losses. Experiment 2 (n = 98) assessed combined probabilistic and delayed alternatives. In both experiments, we compared results from 5-trial adjusting delay or probability tasks to traditional adjusting amount procedures. Results suggest both procedures produced similar rates of probability and delay discounting in six out of seven comparisons. A magnitude effect consistent with previous research was observed for probabilistic gains and losses, but not for delayed losses. Results also suggest that delay and probability interact to determine the value of money. Five-trial methods may allow researchers to assess discounting more efficiently as well as study more complex choice scenarios.

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“…Bialaszek et al, 2015). That is, when outcomes were both delayed and probabilistic and the probability of an outcome decreased, delay discounting became nearly flat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, probability seems to affect the current value of a commodity to a greater extent than delay (Vanderveldt et al, 2015; Weatherly et al, 2015; cf. Bialaszek et al, 2015). That is, the current value of money remains relatively unchanged across increasing delays when choices are both delayed and probabilistic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of delay and probability combinations on discounting in humans

Cox

Dallery

2016

Behavioural Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although some theoretical approaches regard both the delay and probability discounting as reflecting the same underlying trait or process of impulsivity (Green & Myerson, 2013;Myerson, Green, Scott Hanson, Holt, & Estle, 2003;Rachlin, Logue, Gibbon, & Frankel, 1986), empirical evidence shows that these processes are positively, but weakly correlated Mitchell & Wilson, 2010). Following this reasoning, an impulsive individual may choose the immediate, smaller reward, and also avoid risk and have the certainty of the small amount (Białaszek, Gaik, McGoun, & Zielonka, 2015). Because of these discrepancies on a theoretical and empirical level, we refer to impulsivity as the choice in the intertemporal domain, and to risk aversion not as a direct facet of impulsivity, but rather a dimension that reflects the degree of probability discounting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Behavioral Profile of Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility is Related to Reduced Impulsivity in Smokers, and Reduced Risk Aversion Regardless of Smoking Status

Marcowski¹,

Białaszek²,

Dudek³

et al. 2017

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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Empirical evidence suggests that mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and addiction are interrelated in decision making. In our study, we investigated the relationship of the behavioral profile, composed of mindfulness and psychological flexibility, and smoking status on delay and probability discounting. We demonstrated the interaction of the behavioral profile of mindfulness and psychological flexibility (lower or higher) and smoking status on delay discounting. We found that individuals who smoked and displayed higher mindfulness and psychological flexibility devalued rewards at a slower rate, compared to smokers with a lower profile. Importantly, in those with a higher profile, smokers discounted rewards no differently than nonsmokers. Smokers with a lower profile did display, however, increased impulsivity, compared to nonsmokers. These results suggest that behavioral interventions aiming to modify the behavioral profile with regard to mindfulness and psychological flexibility can indeed support the regulation of elevated impulsivity in smokers to equate with that of nonsmokers. In probability discounting, we observed that individuals with a higher profile displayed lower discounting rates, i.e., were less risk-averse, with no other significant main effect or interaction.

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“…Again, some neural systems overlapped in coding subjective value, while at the same time having separate, unique areas involved in the decision making. Because of the overlapping nature of these constructs (see : Białaszek, Gaik, McGoun, & Zielonka, 2015;Mitchell, 2004), treatment involving one kind of discounting could also spread also to other forms of impulsive decision making. However, this hypothesis remains untested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%