“…Instead, it might even introduce additional distortion, especially if the median value is a noise spike. To overcome these problems, adaptive median filtering is commonly applied where the window size changes adaptively based on impulsive noise content [304]- [306].…”
Recent advancements in sensing, measurement, and computing technologies
have significantly expanded the potential for signal-based applications,
leveraging the synergy between signal processing and Machine Learning
(ML) to improve both performance and reliability. This fusion represents
a critical point in the evolution of signal-based systems, highlighting
the need to bridge the existing knowledge gap between these two
interdisciplinary fields. Despite many attempts in the existing
literature to bridge this gap, most are limited to specific applications
and focus mainly on feature extraction, often assuming extensive prior
knowledge in signal processing. This assumption creates a significant
obstacle for a wide range of readers. To address these challenges, this
paper takes an integrated article approach. It begins with a detailed
tutorial on the fundamentals of signal processing, providing the reader
with the necessary background knowledge. Following this, it explores the
key stages of a standard signal processing-based ML pipeline, offering
an in-depth review of feature extraction techniques, their inherent
challenges, and solutions. Differing from existing literature, this work
offers an application-independent review and introduces a novel
classification taxonomy for feature extraction techniques. Furthermore,
it aims at linking theoretical concepts with practical applications, and
demonstrates this through two specific use cases: a spectral-based
method for condition monitoring of rolling bearings and a wavelet energy
analysis for epilepsy detection using EEG signals. In addition to
theoretical contributions, this work promotes a collaborative research
culture by providing a public repository of relevant Python and MATLAB
signal processing codes. This effort is intended to support
collaborative research efforts and ensure the reproducibility of the
results presented.
“…Instead, it might even introduce additional distortion, especially if the median value is a noise spike. To overcome these problems, adaptive median filtering is commonly applied where the window size changes adaptively based on impulsive noise content [304]- [306].…”
Recent advancements in sensing, measurement, and computing technologies
have significantly expanded the potential for signal-based applications,
leveraging the synergy between signal processing and Machine Learning
(ML) to improve both performance and reliability. This fusion represents
a critical point in the evolution of signal-based systems, highlighting
the need to bridge the existing knowledge gap between these two
interdisciplinary fields. Despite many attempts in the existing
literature to bridge this gap, most are limited to specific applications
and focus mainly on feature extraction, often assuming extensive prior
knowledge in signal processing. This assumption creates a significant
obstacle for a wide range of readers. To address these challenges, this
paper takes an integrated article approach. It begins with a detailed
tutorial on the fundamentals of signal processing, providing the reader
with the necessary background knowledge. Following this, it explores the
key stages of a standard signal processing-based ML pipeline, offering
an in-depth review of feature extraction techniques, their inherent
challenges, and solutions. Differing from existing literature, this work
offers an application-independent review and introduces a novel
classification taxonomy for feature extraction techniques. Furthermore,
it aims at linking theoretical concepts with practical applications, and
demonstrates this through two specific use cases: a spectral-based
method for condition monitoring of rolling bearings and a wavelet energy
analysis for epilepsy detection using EEG signals. In addition to
theoretical contributions, this work promotes a collaborative research
culture by providing a public repository of relevant Python and MATLAB
signal processing codes. This effort is intended to support
collaborative research efforts and ensure the reproducibility of the
results presented.
“…In traditional detection methodologies, it is usually assumed that background noise follows a Gaussian distribution, characterized by fluctuations within a relatively narrow range around a zero mean. However, this assumption falls short of capturing the large fluctuation present in many real-world signals, such as underwater acoustic signals, biomedical signals, low-frequency atmospheric noise, ice-breaking noises in underwater communications [1], and thunderstorm noises * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. in the atmosphere.…”
The paper focuses on developing a stochastic resonance system designed for the detection of weak signals under Alpha-stable-distributed noises. Initially, in view of the strong impulsive characteristics of noises, a Linearly-coupled Sigmoid Bistable Stochastic Resonance (LSBSR) system is proposed, which is constructed by potential function and sigmoid function. Through formula derivation, it is theoretically proved that the output SNR of the LSBSR system is superior to that of the classical bistable stochastic resonance (CBSR) system. Then, a new signal processing strategy based on the LSBSR system is introduced. Simulation experiments have demonstrated that under the input SNR=-20dB, the detection probability of the LSBSR system exceeds 95% for the Alpha-stable-distributed noise with α=1.5. When α is reduced to 0.1, the detection probability approaches 80%, significantly outperforming other detection methods. Finally, the LSBSR system is applied to detect sea-trial signals with an SNR improvement (SNRI) of 22.5dB, which further validates the practicability of the proposed system.
“…Adaptive filtering algorithms play a pivotal role in signal processing, encompassing tasks such as system identification, channel estimation, feedback cancellation, and noise removal [1]. While literature commonly assumes Gaussian distribution for system noise, real-world scenarios, including underwater acoustics [2][3][4][5], low-frequency atmospheric disturbances [6], and artificial interference [7][8][9], often exhibit sudden changes in signal or noise intensity [10]. These abrupt variations can disrupt algorithms, serving as external solid interference or outliers [11,12].…”
Input noise causes inescapable bias to the weight vectors of the adaptive filters during the adaptation processes. Moreover, the impulse noise at the output of the unknown systems can prevent bias compensation from converging. This paper presents a robust bias compensation method for a sparse normalized quasi-Newton least-mean (BC-SNQNLM) adaptive filtering algorithm to address this issue.
We have mathematically derived the biased-compensation terms in an impulse noisy environment. Inspired by the convex combination of adaptive filters' step sizes, we propose a novel variable-mixing-norm method to accelerate the convergence for our BC-SNQNLM algorithm, which is referred to as BC-SNQNLM-VMN. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method significantly outperforms other comparative works regarding normalized mean-squared deviation (NMSD) in the steady state.
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