Impulse Pressure-Assisted Diffusion Bonding (IPADB): Review and Outlook

Alhazaa, Abdulaziz; Haneklaus, Nils; Almutairi, Zeyad

doi:10.3390/met11020323

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…4 nm 3 at constant temperature and pressure. The curves also indicate a possibility of further decline in volume, as reported in [ 25 ] with impulse pressure assisted. However, it is enough to study the effect of graphene on the sintering process based on the models here.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Atomistic Study on the Sintering Process and the Strengthening Mechanism of Al-Graphene System

Zhu

et al. 2022

Materials

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The powder metallurgy process of the Al–graphene system is conducted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the role of graphene. During the sintering process, graphene is considered to reduce the pore size and metal grain size based on the volume change and atomic configuration of the Al parts in the composite. Compared with the pure Al system, the space occupied by the same number of Al atoms in the sintered composite is 15–20 nm3 smaller, and the sintered composite has about 5000 fewer arranged atoms. Because these models are carefully designed to avoid a serious deformation of graphene in the tension of sandwich-like composite models, the strengthening mechanism close to the experimental theory where graphene just serves to transfer a load can be studied dynamically. The boundary comprising of two phases is confirmed to hinder the motion of dislocations, while the crack grows along the interface beside graphene, forming a fracture surface of orderly arranged Al atoms. The results indicate that single-layer graphene (SLG) gives rise to an increase of 1.2 or 0.4 GPa in tensile strength when stretched in in-plane or normal direction, while bilayer graphene (BLG) brings a clear rise of 1.2–1.3 GPa in both directions. In both in-plane and normal stretching directions, the mechanical properties of the composite can be improved clearly by graphene giving rise to a strong boundary, new crack path, and more dense structure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Atomistic Study on the Sintering Process and the Strengthening Mechanism of Al-Graphene System

Zhu

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…Several approaches have been developed in order to reduce the bonding conditions for the diffusion bonding of titanium alloys. The use of varying pressure, interlayers with ceramic nanoparticles or reactive interlayers has been referred to as a potential approach for overcoming the problems in dissimilar diffusion bonding [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The use of interlayers in diffusion bonding can reduce the processing conditions and promote the formation of a joint with good mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Bonding of Ti6Al4V to Al2O3 Using Ni/Ti Reactive Multilayers

Silva

Ramos

Vieira

et al. 2021

Metals

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This paper aims to investigate the diffusion bonding of Ti6Al4V to Al2O3. The potential of the use of reactive nanolayered thin films will also be investigated. For this purpose, Ni/Ti multilayer thin films with a 50 nm modulation period were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto the base materials. Diffusion bonding experiments were performed at 800 °C, under 50 MPa and a dwell time of 60 min, with and without interlayers. Microstructural characterization of the interface was conducted through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The joints experiments without interlayer were unsuccessful. The interface is characterized by the presence of a crack close to the Al2O3 base material. The results revealed that the Ni/Ti reactive multilayers improved the diffusion bonding process, allowing for sound joints to be obtained at 800 °C for 60 min. The interface produced is characterized by a thin thickness and is mainly composed of NiTi and NiTi2 reaction layers. Mechanical characterization of the joint was assessed by hardness and reduced Young’s modulus distribution maps that enhance the different phases composing the interface. The hardness maps showed that the interface exhibits a hardness distribution similar to the Al2O3, which can be advantageous to the mechanical behavior of the joints.

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“…However, long durations are generally needed to create a sufficient bond. To reduce processing times, techniques such as the use of interlayers and impulse pressure-assisted diffusion bonding (IPADB), etc., have been investigated, as described in a review paper on IPADB [60]. The results of this study may also be beneficial to reducing the time duration for diffusion bonding of certain metals, as it has been shown that fine compacted titanium powder can be heated within short durations to bond together to achieve near-full density.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sintering High Green Density Direct Powder Rolled Titanium Strips, in Argon Atmosphere

Govender

Bemont

Chikosha

2021

Metals

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Presently, the majority of titanium powder metallurgy components produced are sintered under high vacuum due to the associated benefits of the vacuum atmosphere. However, high-vacuum sintering is a batch process, which limits daily production. A higher daily part production is achievable via a continuous sintering process, which uses argon gas to shield the part from air contamination. To date, there has been limited work published on argon gas sintering of titanium in short durations. This study investigated the properties of thin high green density titanium strips, which were sintered at the temperatures of 1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C for a duration of 30 min, 60 min and 90 min in argon. The strips were produced by rolling of −45 µm near ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) grade 3 hydride–dehydride commercially pure titanium powder. The density, hardness, tensile properties and microstructure of the sintered strips were assessed. It was found that near-full densities, between 96 and 99%, are attainable after 30–90 min of sintering. The optimum sintering temperature range was found to be 1100–1200 °C, as this produced the highest elongation of 4–5.5%. Sintering at 1300 °C resulted in lower elongation due to higher contaminant pick-up.

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Impulse Pressure-Assisted Diffusion Bonding (IPADB): Review and Outlook

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Atomistic Study on the Sintering Process and the Strengthening Mechanism of Al-Graphene System

Atomistic Study on the Sintering Process and the Strengthening Mechanism of Al-Graphene System

Diffusion Bonding of Ti6Al4V to Al2O3 Using Ni/Ti Reactive Multilayers

Sintering High Green Density Direct Powder Rolled Titanium Strips, in Argon Atmosphere

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