“…Similarly, the focus group participants and expert interviewees pointed to the trend of journalists taking the positions of opinionated commentators and columnists on not only their own news outlets but also social media. The recommendation of a recent Australian study on trust and trust building (Fisher et al 2020) also resonates in the case of Finland:…”
Section: Discussion: Elements Of Trust and Distrustmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…news brands and reporters should be cautious about engaging on social media as a strategy for improving trust (Fisher et al 2020, 15). Interestingly, a core element of trust in the relationship between journalism and its audiences is, at least in Finland, based on a conventional and traditional understanding of journalistic principles.…”
Section: Discussion: Elements Of Trust and Distrustmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yet concepts in studies on trust-and in research on trust and the media-are not set and uniform. Trust is often used interchangeably with credibility and reliability, and mistrust and distrust are likewise also often used synonymously (for an account of the different understandings, see, e.g., Fisher et al 2020). Even so, most studies posit that trust is founded both in rational reasoning and emotional experiences (Warren 1999).…”
Section: Framework: the Multidimensionality Of Trustmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many recent studies have sought to contribute to solving the challenges posed by the spread of misinformation, 3 and research has begun to inform efforts to build and strengthen trust in the media and journalism (e.g., Fisher et al 2020;Henke et al 2019;Kalsnes and Krumsvik 2019).…”
Section: Conclusion: Trusting But Criticalmentioning
Finland provides an interesting case study on trust in the media in the digital era. The country is known to exhibit the greatest levels of trust in the political establishment and the government, as well as the media. In the Finnish “digital welfare state,” the news is an inseparable part of the mechanism, producing a high level of social trust within the welfare state system, and Finland features the highest level of media freedom and literacy in Europe.
This multimethod study examines different understandings of trust by studying in what ways Finnish audiences experience trust in news, especially when consuming news on digital platforms, and what factors explain trust in different news sources. Our basic premise is that trust can be understood in three ways: as dispositions of individual actors, as the social organization and the relationship between different social nodes and the system, and as a constantly negotiated property of social relations. We apply this three-dimensional framework in two sets of audience survey research data (2019, 2020) and reflect the findings with a focus group and expert interviews as well as with two similar surveys a decade prior.
Our results depict relatively high levels of trust in the media in Finland and surprisingly little change in audiences’ perceptions of trustworthiness compared to the earlier surveys. The most defining characteristic of Finnish audiences is critical trust. Audiences are aware of the impacts of digitization, especially the dangers of social media bubbles and disinformation. They also recognize market-driven imperatives of journalism yet appreciate legacy news media in its different digital forms. Our study indicates that a balance between skepticism and reliance on news outlets can exist in audiences’ perceptions of the trustworthiness of digital news.
“…Similarly, the focus group participants and expert interviewees pointed to the trend of journalists taking the positions of opinionated commentators and columnists on not only their own news outlets but also social media. The recommendation of a recent Australian study on trust and trust building (Fisher et al 2020) also resonates in the case of Finland:…”
Section: Discussion: Elements Of Trust and Distrustmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…news brands and reporters should be cautious about engaging on social media as a strategy for improving trust (Fisher et al 2020, 15). Interestingly, a core element of trust in the relationship between journalism and its audiences is, at least in Finland, based on a conventional and traditional understanding of journalistic principles.…”
Section: Discussion: Elements Of Trust and Distrustmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yet concepts in studies on trust-and in research on trust and the media-are not set and uniform. Trust is often used interchangeably with credibility and reliability, and mistrust and distrust are likewise also often used synonymously (for an account of the different understandings, see, e.g., Fisher et al 2020). Even so, most studies posit that trust is founded both in rational reasoning and emotional experiences (Warren 1999).…”
Section: Framework: the Multidimensionality Of Trustmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many recent studies have sought to contribute to solving the challenges posed by the spread of misinformation, 3 and research has begun to inform efforts to build and strengthen trust in the media and journalism (e.g., Fisher et al 2020;Henke et al 2019;Kalsnes and Krumsvik 2019).…”
Section: Conclusion: Trusting But Criticalmentioning
Finland provides an interesting case study on trust in the media in the digital era. The country is known to exhibit the greatest levels of trust in the political establishment and the government, as well as the media. In the Finnish “digital welfare state,” the news is an inseparable part of the mechanism, producing a high level of social trust within the welfare state system, and Finland features the highest level of media freedom and literacy in Europe.
This multimethod study examines different understandings of trust by studying in what ways Finnish audiences experience trust in news, especially when consuming news on digital platforms, and what factors explain trust in different news sources. Our basic premise is that trust can be understood in three ways: as dispositions of individual actors, as the social organization and the relationship between different social nodes and the system, and as a constantly negotiated property of social relations. We apply this three-dimensional framework in two sets of audience survey research data (2019, 2020) and reflect the findings with a focus group and expert interviews as well as with two similar surveys a decade prior.
Our results depict relatively high levels of trust in the media in Finland and surprisingly little change in audiences’ perceptions of trustworthiness compared to the earlier surveys. The most defining characteristic of Finnish audiences is critical trust. Audiences are aware of the impacts of digitization, especially the dangers of social media bubbles and disinformation. They also recognize market-driven imperatives of journalism yet appreciate legacy news media in its different digital forms. Our study indicates that a balance between skepticism and reliance on news outlets can exist in audiences’ perceptions of the trustworthiness of digital news.
“…The factors underpinning the decline in trust in news are varied. Issues such as excessive partisanship, sensationalism, lack of relevance of news content to everyday lives, lack of depth in reporting, and unethical conduct by journalists have been identified as some of the contributing factors to low levels of trust (Fisher et al 2020). At the same time, low levels of trust in journalism are not necessarily new: reviews such as the Leveson Inquiry in the United Kingdom and the Finkelstein Review in Australia identified this problem (Flew and Swift 2013).…”
Section: Mixed Fortunes For News Media During Covid-19mentioning
While the global Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to significant growth in news consumption, this did not translate into either greater trust or an improved financial situation for news providers. At a time when disinformation has become a key concern with regards to public health messaging, this mistrust of mainstream news media has potentially disastrous consequences for public communication in a time of urgent public health concerns. The article explores five issues for the study of news and trust, including the impact of digital platforms, the accountability revolution, the crisis of news media business models, the power-shift within media to platforms in the time of COVID-19, and the turn to subscription-based media. The latter raises critical issues around the value of news, and the future relationship between subscriptions, advertising revenue and public funding in the future of news publication and distribution.
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