“…The author presented a two-phase heuristic approach to solve this formulation efficiently. Yasin and Ibrahim (2010) explains the MPLS hierarchical architecture for label-switched networks can be used to address all required functions of converged/unified networks, from initial IP level authentication and configuration, security, session control, resource reservation, admission control, to quality of service and policy management, enhanced only where necessary to address the idiosyncrasies of the mobile wireless environment. This architecture encompassing mostly Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized protocols, takes advantage of MPLS flexibility to address wireless-specific requirements such as micro mobility as well as nonwireless specific requirements, such as traffic engineering and quality of service and does not involve specific requirements in the mobile terminal for initiating label-switched paths over the wireless interface and allowing end to end interconnection to the backbone network.…”