Improving tracking of aid for women's, children's, and adolescents' health

Yamey, Gavin; Schäferhoff, Marco; Kennedy, Kaci

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30320-6

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The WHO recommends that women receive a minimum of eight ANC visits to optimise both maternal and child health outcomes [ 5 ]. Therefore, the low prevalence of eight or more ANC visits as reported in this study, is a threat to the attainment of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially target 3.1 and 3.2 [ 21 ]. This finding underscores the need for sub-Saharan African countries to reassess their commitments and interventions channelled towards improving ANC attendance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal care attendance and low birth weight of institutional births in sub-Saharan Africa

Weyori

Seidu

Aboagye

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major health problem that affects newborns worldwide. However, there has been growing evidence that antenatal care (ANC) is associated with LBW. Yet, there is a dearth of research investigating the association between ANC attendance and LBW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study examined the association between the number of ANC visits and LBW using data from 10 sub-Saharan African countries. Methods This study pooled data from the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 10 sub-Saharan African countries conducted from 2018 to 2020. A total of 33,585 women aged 15–49 who had live births in the five years preceding the survey were included in this study. Bivariable and multivariable multilevel regression models were fitted to show the association between the number of ANC visits and LBW. Crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used in presenting the results of the regression analysis. Results The pooled prevalence of LBW was 5.7%. The highest prevalence of LBW was recorded in Gambia (7.2%) with the lowest found in Sierra Leone (2.9%). In terms of eight or more ANC visits, the overall prevalence was 14.5%. Nigeria had the highest prevalence of eight or more ANC visits (43.5%) with the lowest in Rwanda (0.2%). We found a statistically significant association between the number of ANC visits and LBW. Mothers who had eight or more ANC visits were less likely to have LBW children compared to mothers who had less than eight ANC visits [cOR = 0.66; CI = 0.55 – 0.79] and this persisted after controlling for the covariates [aOR = 0.68; CI = 0.56 – 0.82]. Covariates associated with LBW were maternal age, marital status, level of education, age of child, and wealth index. Conclusion This study has shown a statistically significant association between ANC and LBW in SSA, with women who had eight or more ANC visits being at lower risks of giving birth to children with LBW. We found that eight or more ANC attendance was a protective factor against LBW in SSA. Therefore, it is important for sub-Saharan African countries with low prevalence of eight or more ANC attendance and high LBW prevalence to channel their efforts towards promoting more ANC attendance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal care attendance and low birth weight of institutional births in sub-Saharan Africa

Weyori

Seidu

Aboagye

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…There is a distinct niche in the broader pharmaceutical R&D ecosystem that focuses on developing medical products to address biological threats to security (including EIDs), characterized by three key features. First, the unpredictability of emerging infectious disease outbreaks discourages companies and investors from investing in R&D for these diseases (64)(65)(66). This has led to a greater role of the public sector in different countries, which has developed a series of national institutions and funding mechanisms across the entire development chain (67,68).…”

Section: Pre-covid-19 Biosecurity Randd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which roads lead to access? A global landscape of six COVID-19 vaccine business models.

Ruiz,

Bezruki,

Shinabargar

et al. 2023

Preprint

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3.1. Background Unequal and inequitable access to Covid-19 vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (L&MICs) was a major political, ethical and public health failure in the pandemic. However, vaccine developers’ practices were not monolithic, but rather, took diverse approaches to supplying different countries, with important implications for global access. 3.2. Results Using data on R&D investments, regulatory approvals, manufacturing and purchase agreements, and vaccine deliveries, we identified six distinct business models that apply across the 14 COVID-19 vaccines with more international presence from 2020–2022. “Western Early Arrivers” Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna supplied the largest volumes quickly and prioritized high-income countries (HICs) from registration to vaccine delivery. “Western Latecomers” Janssen and Novavax supplied intermediate volumes later, also prioritizing HICs but with a greater proportion to L&MICs. “Major Chinese Developers” Sinopharm and Sinovac supplied intermediate volumes early, primarily to middle-income countries (MICs). “Russian Developer” Gamaleya completed development early but ultimately supplied small volumes, primarily to middle-income countries (MICs). “Cosmopolitan Developer” Oxford/AstraZeneca supplied large volumes early to HICs and MICs at the lowest prices. Finally, “Small MIC Developers” CanSino, Bharat Biotech, Medigen, Finlay Institute and the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), exported relatively small volumes to a few MICs. Low-income countries (LICs) were not targeted by any developer, and received far fewer doses, later, than any other income group. Almost all developers received public funding and other forms of support, but we found little evidence that such support was leveraged to expand global access. 3.3. Conclusions Each of the six business models has different implications for which countries get access to which vaccines, how quickly, and at which prices. Each offers different strengths and weaknesses for achieving equitable access. Our findings also suggest that Western firms had the greatest capacity to develop and deliver vaccines quickly during the pandemic, but such capacity is rapidly becoming more globally distributed with MICs playing a significant role, especially in supplying other MICs. Given the critical role of public support in enabling pandemic vaccine development and supply, governments have both the capacity and responsibility to craft international rules that will make responses to future pandemics more equitable and effective.

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“…Adhering to commonly used definitions, such as ‘official development assistance’, and norms, such as common standards for reporting aid for health or categorisation of health focus areas, could support a better snapshot of China’s portfolio 7 8. Researchers who track Chinese health aid could learn from the experience of researchers who track aid for women’s and children’s health, who recently collaborated on an exercise to agree on a common tracking methodology; the tracking of Chinese aid for health may benefit from a similar exercise 9. Such an exercise should, to the extent possible, ensure comparability with health aid from other donors.…”

Section: What These Estimates Mean For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 8 Researchers who track Chinese health aid could learn from the experience of researchers who track aid for women's and children's health, who recently collaborated on an exercise to agree on a common tracking methodology; the tracking of Chinese aid for health may benefit from a similar exercise. 9 Such an exercise should, to the extent possible, ensure comparability with health aid from other donors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%