Improving thermal control of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection by using 3D printed cartridges

Recent (2018–2020) development in capillary electrophoresis

“…A new cartridge was thus constructed by 3D printing to improve temperature control in CE (Fig. 5) [88]. Up to two C 4 D devices could be accommodated inside the cartridge to form CE-(C 4 D) 2 -ESI-MS/MS in an environment with proper dissipation of the thermal energy generated by Joule heating.…”

“…Four-millimeter neodymium magnets (k) were used to hold the covers of the compartments. For more information, please see [83,88]…”

Leveraging 3D printing to enhance mass spectrometry: A review

“…In other work, different housings were developed to connect a capillary electrophoresis setup to an MS, to allow better control of the temperature of the capillary for improved robustness, which also integrated a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C 4 D; Fig. 6C) [37,103]. Similarly, a 3D-printed box was created to house a DESI stage, which included an inlet for water vapor, to reduce evaporation of sample from the DESI plate [106].…”

“…Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. (C) Interface between CE and MS instruments, that also integrated capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection; reproduced from Francisco et al[103] with permission from Elsevier.…”

Low‐cost and versatile analytical tool with purpose‐made capillary electrophoresis coupled to contactless conductivity detection: Application to antibiotics quality control in Vietnam

“…The appearance of their first oscillometric detector in 1998 [40] was followed by the second generation with hardware improvement in 2002 [42]. This group then moved toward the direction of open C 4 D [43,44] and 3Dbased CE-C 4 D design [45]. All these developments from both directions (i.e., purpose-made C 4 D and open C 4 D) aim at affordable analytical instrumentation for the population to the authors' viewpoint.…”