Improving the UX for Users of Automated Shuttle Buses in Public Transport: Investigating Aspects of Exterior Communication and Interior Design

Riener, Andreas; Schlackl, Dominik; Malsam, Julia; Huber, J.F.K.; Homm, Benjamin; Kaczmar, Marion; Kleitsch, Iris; Megos, Alina; Park, Eunji; Sanverdi, Gülsüm; Schmidt, Sabrina; Bracaci, Daniel; Anees, Esha

doi:10.3390/mti5100061

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The creative workshop method has gained significant traction in the domain of automated shuttle buses. A study was under-taken by Andreas Riener et al (2021) [49] that focused on design research pertaining to external communication and interior design. The study employed two creative workshops to enhance the user experience of individuals utilizing automatic shuttle buses in public transit.…”

Section: Creative Workhopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Design Strategies for Shaping the Future of Automated Shuttle Buses

Yan,

Lu,

Arquilla

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Automated shuttle buses entail adopting new technologies and modifying users’ practices, cultural and symbolic meanings, policies, and markets. This results in a paradigmatic transition for a typical sociotechnical system: the transport system. However, the focus of the extant literature often lacks an overall vision, addressing a single technology, supply chain, or societal dimension. Although systemic design can manage multiple-level and long-term transitions, the literature does not discuss how systemic design tools can support implementation. This paper takes the four strategies proposed by Pereno and Barbero in 2020 as the theoretical framework to fill this literature gap, discussing the specific systemic design methods applicable to the design of automated shuttle bus systems. A six-week workshop to facilitate the exploration of future autonomous public transportation is taken as a case study. The systemic design approach was applied to enrich the Human–Machine Interaction (HMI) and functional architecture of automated shuttle buses.

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Section: Creative Workhopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Design Strategies for Shaping the Future of Automated Shuttle Buses

Yan,

Lu,

Arquilla

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…According to ISO 9241-210 [57], UCD is defined as a development process that aims to make systems usable by focusing on users' fundamental needs. The individual phases are executed in an iterative pattern to incrementally improve the design and develop a solution that meets the user requirements [58]. Many scholars and practitioners also used participatory design [59] to investigate the needs and challenges of a specific category of users (e.g., the elderly, visually impaired users, pedestrians, etc.)…”

Section: Hmi Design Exploration For Asbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speculative Exploration on Future Sustainable Human-Machine Interface Design in Automated Shuttle Buses

Yan

Lin

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Automated Shuttle buses (ASB) are considered an essential and sustainable direction for the future application of autonomous driving technology in public transportation. As the driver’s role gradually decreases and disappears, the Human–Machine Interface (HMI) for information exchange and communication between users and ASB takes a more prominent role and progressively becomes a hotspot in research. However, the unpredictability and complexity of autonomous driving, an exceptionally fast-growing technology, have hindered its future study. This work first reviewed related literature in three categories: internal, external, and station of the ASB. Secondly, the importance of systemic and speculative design is affirmed by exploring existing HMI designs for ASB. Thirdly, the concepts for ASB resulting from three parallel workshops were analyzed. Finally, online questionnaires and interviews completed the critical reflection and discussion. The results show that the introduction of tools and methods related to systemic and speculative design into the design process of the HMI for ASB may help designers to think critically about the future uncertainty of ASB and to deal with the complexity of the system.

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“…On the other hand, many scholars believe that the interplay of fully automated vehicles and VRUs is the future direction for HMI outside the car. Attention should be paid to the information exchange between vehicles and VRUs in specific scenarios, such as campuses, (Riener et al, 2021) tourist attractions, industrial parks. The design of inclusive eHMIs for visual and hearing impairments is significant among them.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Human-Machine Interface for Inclusive Shared Autonomous Vehicles

Yan¹,

Rampino²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Human Factors in Transportation

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Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), also known as self-driving cars, driverless cars, or robot cars, can perceive their environment and drive safely with little or no human inputs. Under the support of engineering, information science, anthropology, AVs have developed rapidly at the technical level, demonstrating to reduce human error operations and lessening road usage to save time. In the future, users will always be more released from driving tasks Self-driving vehicles can be more advantageous and feasible in public transportation than in private ones. Therefore, shared buses and logistics vehicles have been trial operation in various countries nowadays. Moreover, this technology will enable road traffic for people who cannot drive due to various physical and cognitive impairments. Therefore, inclusivity is often cited as one of the main reasons for promoting user acceptance of this technology, and it is fundamental in its application. Inclusive design can be achieved by identifying and addressing as many barriers to the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) as possible, focusing on human factors inside and outside the self-driving vehicle. It can enable groups with different needs to interact comfortably with the AVs and the traffic environment. Specifically, within a shared autonomous vehicle, we focus on transferring vehicle control between multiple users, reducing human error, and improving system availability. In addition, for many non-driving-related tasks (NDRT) derived from the gradual improvement of autonomous driving, the design of interactive devices and processes suitable for different groups and their cognition, the usability and comfort of the system will be improved, as well as the user experience. Concerning the scenes outside the vehicle, the impact of different types of external HMIs on the user experience of other user groups (e.g., young, old, cognitive, or physical disabilities, Etc.) attracted more attention from scholars. At the same time, communication channels and interfaces established between users and AVs will become more prominent on an inclusive basis. Consequently, HMI is essential for functional and inclusive driving automation, guaranteeing an efficient and satisfactory interaction between the automated system and different users.This paper provides an overview of the HMI challenges in shared driving automation from an inclusive design perspective, summarizing existing research on the role of HMIs in shared autonomous vehicles. The authors identified the fundamental changes in the way the user interacts with the car in shared autonomous vehicles using a systematic literature review including the following four steps: 1) identification of purposes and research questions of the literature review 2) definition of a literature search strategy by identifying a combination of sequential and iterative search queries; 3) analyze the retrieved articles compiling a concept matrix for each of them. As a result, relevant literature related to the research topic was selected; 4) identifying research gaps and inconsistent research results to make tacit domain meta-knowledge explicit. The paper will contain the analysis and discussion of the obtained data. Finally, the paper will discuss the future challenges for promoting a deeper exploration of inclusivity of HMIs for autonomous vehicles, also proposing the research avenues practical to increase the user's acceptance of this technology.

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Improving the UX for Users of Automated Shuttle Buses in Public Transport: Investigating Aspects of Exterior Communication and Interior Design

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Systemic Design Strategies for Shaping the Future of Automated Shuttle Buses

Systemic Design Strategies for Shaping the Future of Automated Shuttle Buses

Speculative Exploration on Future Sustainable Human-Machine Interface Design in Automated Shuttle Buses

Implications of Human-Machine Interface for Inclusive Shared Autonomous Vehicles

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