Improving the utility of erosion pins: absolute value of pin height change as an indicator of relative erosion

Kearney, Sean P.; Fonte, Steven J.; García, Edwin; Smukler, Sean

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2017.12.008

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As described in the literature [10,39,40], and also reported in a previous short-term study at the same site [35], erosion parameter AvgCh (average change) is a poor predictor for gully erosion, due to deposition-erosion cycles producing an average with no significant trend. The remaining erosion parameters Avg|Ch| (absolute average change), Dep (deposition), and Erosion showed significant correlation with freeze-thaw, with sidewalls best correlated with Avg|Ch|(r = 0.463, p = 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Gully channels behaved differently from sidewalls and interfluves when erosion rates were compared, and it is clear that diverse erosional agents were acting in different gully morphologies. In channels, intermittent cycles of deposition and erosion occurred, as pulses of accumulated sediment moved downhill in the channels during runoff events [10,39,40]. In contrast, gully sidewall erosion was the most sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles when compared to precipitation duration and intensity [10], and aeolian processes [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average change (averaged over the lumped set of all pins and all periods) for the three morphological areas (CAvgCh, IAvgCh, and SAvgCh) is close to zero, showing that erosion and deposition tend to cancel each other out over time and space. Indeed, previous research has shown that a better metric is the absolute value of average pin change (Avg|Ch|), as this captures variability and gives a sense of how dynamic the site is in terms of erosional activity [10,39,40]. For Avg|Ch|, channels (mean = 9.90 mm) are more dynamic than either interfluves (mean = 3.53 mm) or sidewalls (mean = 4.99 mm).…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Freeze-Thaw Induced Gully Erosion: A Long-Term High-Resolution Analysis

Luffman

Nandi

2019

Agronomy

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Gullies are significant contributors of sediment to streams in the southeastern USA. This study investigated gully erosion in the clay-rich soils of east Tennessee under a humid subtropical climate. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate long-term erosion rates for different gully geomorphic settings, (2) compare patterns of erosion for the different settings, and (3) model the response of gully erosion to freeze-thaw events. Erosion was measured weekly from June 2012 to August 2018 using 105 erosion pins distributed in gully channels, interfluves, and sidewalls. Erosion rates were estimated from average slopes of lines of best fit of pin lengths versus time. Maximum and minimum temperature was calculated daily using an on-site weather station and freeze-thaw events were identified. Gully erosion was modeled using antecedent freeze-thaw activity for the three geomorphic settings. Long-term erosion rates in channels, interfluves, and sidewalls were 2.5 mm/year, 20 mm/year, and 21 mm/year, respectively; however, week-by-week erosion was statistically different between the three settings, indicating different erosive drivers. Models of erosion with lagged freeze-thaw variables explained up to 34.8% of the variability in erosion variables; sidewall erosion was most highly related to freeze-thaw activity. Freeze-thaw in prior weeks was an important variable in all erosion models.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Freeze-Thaw Induced Gully Erosion: A Long-Term High-Resolution Analysis

Luffman

Nandi

2019

Agronomy

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“…For each setting, we created three erosion variables: (1) average of the absolute value of change (Avg|Ch|); (2) average of only positive changes in pin lengths (deposition) from one measurement period to the next (AvgDep), and; (3) average of only negative changes in pin lengths (erosion) from one measurement period to the next (AvgErosion). In prior research, a fourth variable, average change, was generated, however, because of a balance of erosion and deposition, especially in channels, the average change remained near zero and was not a useful parameter to capture weekly and longer-term erosion on-site [13,14,[19][20][21]. Therefore, in this study, we have retained the three variables described above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Precipitation Variability and Gully Erosion in Southeastern USA

Luffman

Nandi

2020

Water

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This study examines the relationship between gully erosion in channels, sidewalls, and interfluves, and precipitation parameters (duration, total accumulation, average intensity, and maximum intensity) annually and seasonally to determine seasonal drivers for precipitation-related erosion. Ordinary Least Square regression models of erosion using precipitation and antecedent precipitation at weekly lags of up to twelve weeks were developed for three erosion variables for each of three geomorphic areas: channels, interfluves, and sidewalls (nine models in total). Erosion was most pronounced in winter months, followed by spring, indicating the influence of high-intensity precipitation from frontal systems and repeated freeze-thaw cycles in winter; erosion in summer was driven by high-intensity precipitation from convectional storms. Annually, duration was the most important driver for erosion, however, during winter and summer months, precipitation intensity was dominant. Seasonal models retained average and maximum precipitation as drivers for erosion in winter months (dominated by frontal systems), and retained maximum precipitation intensity as a driver for erosion in summer months (dominated by convectional storms). In channels, precipitation duration was the dominant driver for erosion due to runoff-related erosion, while in sidewalls and interfluves intensity parameters were equally important as duration, likely related to rain splash erosion. These results show that the character of precipitation, which varies seasonally, is an important driver for gully erosion and that studies of precipitation-driven erosion should consider partitioning data by season to identify these drivers.

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“…Only Study 2 (Table 1) [42] utilized photo-electronic erosion pins (PEEPs). Both methods have been used in many studies with good results when precision of the bank erosion rates are required [55,56]. The erosion pin plots were placed on severely eroding stream banks [57].…”

Section: Stream Bank Annual Erosion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian Land-Use Impacts on Stream Bank and Gully Erosion in Agricultural Watersheds: What We Have Learned

Zaimes

Tüfekçioğlu

Schultz

2019

Water

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Stream bank and gully erosion are major sources of nonpoint source pollutants, especially in landscapes dominated by agriculture. Implementation of upland conservation practices in landscapes dominated by agriculture reduces upland sediment transport more than water runoff, leading to excessive stream bank and gully erosion. This review focus on ten different studies conducted in streams in Iowa that investigated riparian land-use impacts on stream banks, gullies, and other riparian sediment sources (cattle loafing areas and cattle stream access points). The riparian land-uses investigated were riparian forest buffers; grass filters; continuous, rotational, and intensive rotational pastures; pastures with cattle fenced out of the stream; and row-cropped fields. Results of these studies indicate that maintaining perennial deep-rooted vegetation in riparian areas and excluding cattle from the stream channel stabilizes stream banks and gullies. Cattle loafing areas and cattle stream access points appear to also be important sediment sources. Re-establishing perennial riparian vegetation is a sustainable and cost-effective conservation practice because it reduces sediment in streams while maintaining the majority of the watershed in agricultural production. The limited available funds for the implementation of holistic watershed conservation practices suggest using targeted approaches, at the watershed scale, to improve conservation practice effectiveness.

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Improving the utility of erosion pins: absolute value of pin height change as an indicator of relative erosion

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Freeze-Thaw Induced Gully Erosion: A Long-Term High-Resolution Analysis

Freeze-Thaw Induced Gully Erosion: A Long-Term High-Resolution Analysis

Seasonal Precipitation Variability and Gully Erosion in Southeastern USA

Riparian Land-Use Impacts on Stream Bank and Gully Erosion in Agricultural Watersheds: What We Have Learned

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