Improving the uniformity of the coating thickness distribution during electroplating treatment of products using multi anode baths

Solovjev, D. S.; Solovjeva, I. A.; Konkina, Victoria V.; Litovka, Yuri V.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.036

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This shows that the optimal level of thickness uniformity of the brass layer and can protect the headrest connector is the electroplating process with 4 anodes in symmetrical positions. This is in accordance with previous research [10]. This research discusses plating using nickel.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Flat anodes are very easy and inexpensive to manufacture. Cylindrical wheelchair headrest connector can be electroplated using plate-shaped anodes, but it needs to be designed in such a way that the coating adheres evenly to the surface of the cylinder [10]. The position of the anode needs to be made in a circle according to the outer surface of the wheelchair headrest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formations effect of brass plate anode on electroplating thickness uniformity: case study on wheelchair headrest

Nurhadiyanto,

Kassyaf,

Mujiyono

et al. 2024

Eureka: PE

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Uniformity of coating thickness in the electroplating process of cylindrical objects using plate-shaped anodes has become a challenging issue. One electroplating method uses a cylindrical anode. However, this strategy is too expensive and requires a lot of material. This paper determines the effect of brass plate anode formation on the headrest thickness uniformity of the electroplating brass coating on the headrest connector of electric wheelchairs made of St. 37. The research started by making headrest connector using a turning machine, then plating the brass using the electroplating method, and then testing the thickness of the resulting brass for uniformity of data using statistics. The number and placement of the plate anodes varied with 2 symmetrical position anodes, 3 symmetrically spaced anodes, and 4 symmetrically positioned anodes. Coating thickness was measured using a digital microscope with a magnification of 200 times. Before measuring the thickness of the coating, the surface of the joint is milled first to remove any chamfer on the top surface of the body and the cover headrest connector. The surface is smoothed using sandpaper and cleaned using etching. Data from the uniformity test results show the highest level of uniformity in the variation of 4 anodes on the body and the cover of the headrest connector, followed by variations on the 3 anodes on the body and the cover of the headrest connector, and variations of 2 anodes on the body and the cover of the headrest connector. The greater the number of anodes and their placement around the cathode, the higher the thickness uniformity of the resulting brass electroplating layer. The formation of brass plate anode on electroplating affects headrest thickness uniformity

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formations effect of brass plate anode on electroplating thickness uniformity: case study on wheelchair headrest

Nurhadiyanto,

Kassyaf,

Mujiyono

et al. 2024

Eureka: PE

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“…The industrial pure iron strip Q235 was used as the soluble anode. In industry practice, a number of anodes are placed in an electroplating bath to improve the thickness uniformity of components [ 33 ]. In the present study, four anodes were laid out at each corner of the electrochemical cell.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures For Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Current Density on the Anomalous Codeposition of Ternary Fe-Co-Ni Alloy Coatings

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Materials

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Gradient-structured ternary Fe-Co-Ni alloy coatings electrodeposited on steel substrates at various current densities from chloride baths were numerically and experimentally investigated. The electrodeposition process, considering hydrogen evolution and hydrolysis reaction, was modelled using the finite element method (FEM) and was based on the tertiary current distribution. The experimentally tested coating thickness and elemental contents were used to verify the simulation model. Although there was a deviation between the simulation and experiments, the numerical model was still able to predict the variation trend of the coating thickness and elemental contents. The influence of the current density on the coating characterization was experimentally studied. Due to hydrogen evolution, the coating surface exhibited microcracks. The crack density on the coating surface appeared smaller with increasing applied current density. The XRD patterns showed that the deposited coatings consisted of solid-solution phases α-Fe and γ (Fe, Ni) and the metallic compound Co3Fe7; the current density in the present studied range had a small influence on the phase composition. The grain sizes on the coating surface varied from 15 nm to 20 nm. The microhardness of the deposited coatings ranged from 625 HV to 655 HV. Meanwhile, the average microhardness increased slightly as the current density increased from 5 A/dm2 to 10 A/dm2 and then decreased as the current density further increased. Finally, the degree of anomaly along with the metal ion and hydrogen atom concentrations in the vicinity of the cathodic surface were calculated to investigate the anomalous codeposition behaviour.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The functionality of electroplating is essentially enabled by the thin layer that it would deposit on a substrate. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] With a view achieve greater process control over electroplating, researchers around the world have long been carrying out fundamental studies to understand the kinetics of electroplating. [26][27][28][29][30] As such, there exists high demand for research tools that can characterize the growth rates of electroplated layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immersion Ultrasonic Testing‐Based Research Platform for Studying Electroplating Kinetics

Zirui,

Yunda,

Zou

et al. 2024

ChemElectroChem

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Electroplating is widely exploited in numerous application areas. Understanding the kinetics of electroplating, which is essentially a dynamic phenomenon, is crucial to making use of it appropriately in the real world. Currently, there exist a variety of research tools for studying electroplating kinetics, each with its own pros and cons. In this paper, we introduce a novel, immersion ultrasonic testing‐based technique that carries out in situ, direct monitoring of the thickness increase of an electroplated layer. Through careful design and optimization of the measurement setup and the signal processing protocol, the measurement resolution of the technique was able to reach a sub‐micron level. Via a number of demonstrative zinc plating experiments that were performed under different conditions, the measurement accuracy of the technique was thoroughly validated by a number of independent methods. All in all, the technique can become a promising alternative tool for studying the kinetics of different electroplating processes, supplementing the existing toolbox with the capability of providing a new class of information.

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Improving the uniformity of the coating thickness distribution during electroplating treatment of products using multi anode baths

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Formations effect of brass plate anode on electroplating thickness uniformity: case study on wheelchair headrest

Formations effect of brass plate anode on electroplating thickness uniformity: case study on wheelchair headrest

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Current Density on the Anomalous Codeposition of Ternary Fe-Co-Ni Alloy Coatings

An Immersion Ultrasonic Testing‐Based Research Platform for Studying Electroplating Kinetics

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