Improving the tensile strength of carbon nanotube spun yarns using a modified spinning process

Tran, Canh‐Dung; Humphries, William; Smith, Shaun M.; Huynh, Chi; Lucas, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.05.020

Cited by 170 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The second method is spinning from vertically aligned CNT arrays [14][15][16] . Introducing twisting 15 , tension 17,18 or liquid shrinking during drawing 16,19 aligns and/or compacts the CNTs. Post treatment of twisting led to 1.9 GPa for s b , 7% for d and 4.1 Â 10 2 S cm À 1 for k 20 , but that of twistless rubbing resulted in a porous structure in the fibre 21 .…”

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confidence: 99%

High-strength carbon nanotube fibre-like ribbon with high ductility and high electrical conductivity

et al. 2014

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Macroscopic fibres made up of carbon nanotubes exhibit properties far below theoretical predictions and even much lower than those for conventional carbon fibres. Here we report improvements of mechanical and electrical properties by more than one order of magnitude by pressurized rolling. Our carbon nanotubes self-assemble to a hollow macroscopic cylinder in a tube reactor operated at high temperature and then condense in water or ethanol to form a fibre, which is continually spooled in an open-air environment. This initial fibre is densified by rolling under pressure, leading to a combination of high tensile strength (3.76-5.53 GPa), high tensile ductility (8-13%) and high electrical conductivity ((1.82-2.24) Â 10 4 S cm À 1 ). Our study therefore demonstrates strategies for future performance maximization and the very considerable potential of carbon nanotube assemblies for high-end uses.

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confidence: 99%

High-strength carbon nanotube fibre-like ribbon with high ductility and high electrical conductivity

et al. 2014

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“…The increase of the maximum stress values was in the range of 35-65% and for the maximum strain at failure was between 26-97%. The high aspect ratio of the CNTs, the high surface area (high interfacial area between nanofiller and polymer) and their excellent mechanical properties: elastic modulus of around 0.8 TPa, tensile strength of around 150 GPa and elongation at break larger than 10%, contributed to the increase of the tensile properties of the epoxy gelcoats [27][28][29][30]. While the layered exfoliated structure and the platelet shape of the nanographite is responsible for the enhanced tensile properties [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extra energy is needed in order to pull them out from the matrix or break them and then initiate the crack propagation. This extra energy is then translated into improved fracture toughness properties [1,4,14,[27][28][29][30]. When directly comparing the two inorganic nanofillers, it is clear that the titanium dioxide particles are nanosized and therefore they can be more effective on reinforcing the fracture properties of the polymer than the clays which are nanosized only through thickness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanofillers on the properties of a state of the art epoxy gelcoat

Karapappas¹,

Tsotra²,

Scobbie³

2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this work, the effect of the inclusion of electrically conductive and non-conductive nanofillers in a state of the art epoxy gelcoat was studied. The conductive fillers used were multi-wall carbon nanotubes and exfoliated nanographite. The non-conductive ones were nanoclay and nano-titanium dioxide. The content of the nanofillers was 0.65% per weight and their inclusion took place using high shear mixing devices. The conductive fillers showed an increase in tensile and fracture properties, as well as in the thermal properties whereas the non-conductive fillers did not show any improvement on the fracture properties. The glass transition temperature was practically unaffected by the presence of the nanofillers while conversly, the coefficient of thermal expansion was decreased for all the nanofillers for temperatures above the glass transition temperature. Finally, weatherometer tests showed that the nanofillers contribute into less weight losses in comparison with the reference epoxy gelcoat.

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“…GPa [40,49,54,61～71] . 主要的处理方法包括: 纺丝过程中纤维通过挥发性溶剂, 如乙醇、水、丙酮等 [49,67,68] ; 纺丝过程中对纤维施加拉伸应力, 提高纤维内碳纳米管的取向度 [63] ; 对所得到的纤维进行热处理 [63,71] ; 对所得到的纤维进行再次加捻, 增加碳纳米管之间的摩擦力 [61,65,68] . 总结来说, 影响碳纳米管纤维强度的因素包括碳纳米管长度 [61] 、管径和壁数 [68] , 碳纳米管在纤维内部的堆积取向 [63,68] , 碳纳米管纤维的直径 [68,74,75] , 碳纳米管的缺陷与杂质的含量.…”

Section: 催化剂的制备unclassified

Preparation and Application of Aligned Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composite Material

Qiu¹,

Sun²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

Acta Chim. Sinica

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Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composite materials have been widely studied for two decades. However, there remains a common and critical challenge, i.e., random dispersion of CNTs in polymer matrices, which has largely lowered their properties and limited their applications. Herein, we have developed a general method to prepare highly aligned CNT/polymer composite materials in formats of array, film, and fiber. The key procedure is to synthesize spinnable CNT arrays with high quality by a chemical vapor deposition process. Fe/Al 2 O 3 was used as catalyst, ethylene was used as carbon source, a mixture gas of argon and hydrogen was used as carrying gas. The optimal growth conditions were summarized as below: thickness of 1.2 nm for Fe, thickness of 3 nm for Al 2 O 3 , flow rate of 400 standard cm 3 /min for argon, flow rate of 90 standard cm 3 /min for ethylene, flow rate of 30 standard cm 3 /min for hydrogen, growth temperature of 740 ℃, and growth time of 10 min. Here the catalyst system was coated on silicon substrate by electron beam evaporation with rates of 0.5 and 2 Å/s for Fe and Al 2 O 3 , respectively. To prepare CNT sheets or fibers, the spinnable array was first stabilized in a stage. A blade was then used to draw a ribbon out of the array. A CNT sheet would be obtained if the ribbon was directly pulled out without rotation, while a fiber should be produced if a rotary spinning was used. The spinning speed was about 15 cm/min. Monomer/polymer solutions or melts were directly coated onto the aligned CNT sheet or fiber to produce the aligned CNT/polymer film or fiber. Due to the high alignment of CNTs in polymer matrices, the resulting composite materials exhibited remarkable physical properties, e.g., the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity can be improved for one and three orders compared with the conventional solution blending method, respectively. These novel composite materials are promising for a wide variety of applications. The use of them as novel counter electrodes to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells has been investigated as a demonstration. In a typical fabrication, an aligned CNT/polymer film (typical thickness of 5 μm) was first transferred onto fluorine doped tin oxide as counter electrode. A layer of TiO 2 was coated onto fluorine doped tin oxide as working electrode, followed by immersion into 0.5 mmol/L cis-diisothiocyanato-bis (2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) bis(tetrabutylammonium) (also called N719) solution in a mixture solvent of acetonitrile/tert-butanol (volume ratio of 1/1) for 16 h. After being further rinsed with acetonitrile and dried, the N719-incorporated TiO 2 electrode was assembled with the counter electrode. An electrolyte which consisted of LiI, I 2 , 2-2-3-with propyl methyl 5-membered imidazole iodine, GuSCN, and tri-butyl-phosphate in dehydrated acetonitrile was injected into the cell through a hole on the counter electrode. The hole was finally sealed with surlyn and a piece of glass.

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Improving the tensile strength of carbon nanotube spun yarns using a modified spinning process

Cited by 170 publications

References 35 publications

High-strength carbon nanotube fibre-like ribbon with high ductility and high electrical conductivity

High-strength carbon nanotube fibre-like ribbon with high ductility and high electrical conductivity

Effect of nanofillers on the properties of a state of the art epoxy gelcoat

Preparation and Application of Aligned Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composite Material

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