Improving the Technology Synthesis and Properties of Biodiesel

Abstract

Existing technologies for the synthesis of active additives to motor fuels are quite complicated. Therefore,improvement of the technology of biodiesel fuel synthesis in order to increase the cetane number and andimprovement of other diesel fuel characteristics with combustion activators is an urgent problem. Raw materialsfor the biodiesel production are vegetable oils methanol and ethanol with the alkaline or acid catalyst usage. Theuse of ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids of rapeseed oil as biodiesel has a number of advantages comparedwith the methyl ester use [2]. Thus, biodiesel fuel was synthesized by transesterification of rapeseed oil withabsolute ethanol (99.9 %), which was dehydrated with calcium oxide (95 %) freshly prepared, using sodiumethoxide as a catalyst [3]. In order to achieve a high degree of mixing of a heterogeneous system, which consistsof natural oil and ethyl alcohol, a specially synthesized non-ionic emulsifier was used as a reagent. Thetechnological features of this type of a rapeseed oil transesterification process were studied and the maincharacteristics of the new diesel fuels such as fractional composition and molecular mass were estimated usingthe chromatographic method and mass spectrometry. The yield of biodiesel from rapeseed oil increases from 85 -90 % to 95 – 98 % without waste fraction of glycerol (10 – 15 %).

Transesterification of sunflower oil’s triglycerides by aliphatic alcohols С1–С4

“…Для трансестерифікації ТГ рослинних олій спиртами, що містять воду, в присутності гомогенних основних каталізаторів пропонують здійснювати осушування сировини. Так, для трансестерифікації ріпакової олії ЕС попередньо зневоднювали в присутності прожареного оксиду кальцію [8]. Зневоднення сировини дає змогу здійснювати трансестерифікацію ТГ ріпакової олії в присутності етилату натрію із виходом естерів 95-98 %.…”

Alternative fuels from vegetable oils: innovative methods and technologies of production and usage

“…Еhe data in Table 7 confirm the advantages of the two-stage method of ethanolysis in a heat-transfer solvent medium. Such advantages relate to a number of technologically favorable factors, namely, homogeneous reaction medium, high selectivity of chemical reactions of both stages, high process temperature, state of chemical equilibrium [4,8,9,10,13].…”