Improving the technology of post-harvest processing and storage of grain raw materials at the enterprises of the grain processing industry

Abstract

In the modern market of agricultural products, there is an acute problem of saturation of the grain sector of quality raw materials that are used in different spheres of production. There is annual expanding of the range of exports and increase in the volume, as well as growing consumption in the domestic market. To perform these tasks we need an efficient post-harvest processing and storage of grain raw materials. JSC “Novospassky Elevator” is a dynamically developing enterprise actively introducing modern technologies of processing and aeration of the grain mass to maintain and improve quality. Ventilation systems are used when drying grains in dryers. Aeration has a significant efficacy, however, drawbacks are a significant outlay of time, the changing weather conditions can be critical. The most perspective processing method is the intermittent ventilation, which has proved itself in the industry of bakery products and which can be performed in storage, being equipped with installations for active aeration, silos and bunkers. The authors developed a nomogram for selection of a rational mode of intermittent ventilation and its duration when the seed moisture content from 16% to 20% inclusively. The essence of intermittent aeration of grains is the use of short periods of blowing, which alternate with longer periods of binning the grains. During binning, the moisture from the inner layers flows into the outer, and, if subsequent ventilation is removed. In addition to the technology of intermittent aeration, the grains can also be stored using the method of storage in controlled atmosphere. Rational use of energy resources significantly reduces the cost of the enterprise.

Analysis of design features and test results of fractional grain cleaners

“…The safe storage period for such a heap is some hours. Impurities of organic origin with the moisture content of 50.0 ... 80.0% have a negative effect on the preservation of the grain heap and the quality indicators of seeds [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Prevention of air pollution swimming pool in the area of elevator construction using aspiration equipment

“…Due to the promising development of the agricultural industry, where grain export is a strategically important factor for the state economy, the urgency of building grain storage and processing enterprises is increasing. According to statistics for 2020, the total volume of exports of agricultural raw materials and food reached 30 billion dollars [4][5][6][7].…”

“…Such an intensive growth in the development of this industry entails an active demand for the construction of elevators. The main concomitant phenomenon in the operation of such an enterprise is the presence of grain dust, which contains harmful substances that affect the health of workers and the population located close to the territory of the elevator [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. One of the vital elements of the natural environment around us is atmospheric air [4,[8][9][10][11], a particular danger is the presence of grain dust particles in an unloaded airspace, which leads to an explosive situation at the enterprise.…”