Improving the surface properties of an UHMWPE shoulder implant with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Vrekhem, Stijn Van; Vloebergh, K.; Asadian, Mahtab; Vercruysse, Chris; Declercq, Heidi; Tongel, Alexander Van; Wilde, Lieven De; Morent, Rino

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22921-6

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Furthermore, APP reactors do not require a vacuum atmosphere and special equipment. In spite of intensive studies, only a few groups have reported successful plasma polymerization using APP [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]. Our previous works recently reported the stationary APP jets (APPJs) polymerization employing the new types of impinging technique and ATP system [26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, polymerized methyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) having pinhole free characteristics has been widely used as organic thin films, encapsulations, biosensors, and electronics materials [21,22,23,24,25,31,32,33,34,35,36]. The plasma polymerizations of porous conducting polymers, such as aniline, pyrrole, and thiophene, have been successfully implemented using our APP polymerization technique [26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Properties of Plasma-Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate via the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique

et al. 2019

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Pinhole free layers are needed in order to prevent oxygen and water from damaging flexible electrical and bio-devices. Although polymerized methyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) for the pinhole free layer has been studied extensively in the past, little work has been done on synthesizing films of this material using atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted electro-polymerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of plasma-PMMA (pPMMA) synthesized using the atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted electro-polymerization technique at room temperature. According to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) results, the characteristic peaks from the pPMMA polymer chain were shown to have been detected. The results indicate that the percentage of hydrophobic groups (C–C and C–H) is greater than that of hydrophilic groups (C–O and O–C=O). The field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and thickness measurement results show that the surface morphology is quite homogenous and amorphous in nature, and the newly proposed pPMMA film at a thickness of 1.5 µm has high transmittance (about 93%) characteristics. In addition, the results of water contact angle tests show that pPMMA thin films can improve the hydrophobicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Plasma-Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate via the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique

et al. 2019

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“…Muzammil et al [ 9 ] used a pulsed plasma technique for the deposition of hydrophobic coatings on low-density polyethylene. Van Vrekhem et al [ 10 ] used an atmospheric pressure plasma jet for the treatment of ultrahigh-density polyethylene in order to improve the biological response of shoulder implants, and found improved adhesion to bone cement and an enhanced osteoblast proliferation. Lindner et al [ 11 ] used a high-impedance corona discharge in air for the treatment of various polymers and laminates, and the best results in terms of laminate bond strength were obtained for low-density polyethylene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

2018

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Polyethylene granules of diameter 2 mm were treated with a low-pressure weakly ionized air plasma created in a metallic chamber by a pulsed microwave discharge of pulse duration 180 μs and duty cycle 70%. Optical emission spectroscopy showed rich bands of neutral nitrogen molecules and weak O-atom transitions, but the emission from N atoms was below the detection limit. The density of O atoms in the plasma above the samples was measured with a cobalt catalytic probe and exhibited a broad peak at the pressure of 80 Pa, where it was about 2.3 × 1021 m−3. The samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Survey spectra showed oxygen on the surface, while the nitrogen concentration remained below the detection limit for all conditions. The high-resolution C1s peaks revealed formation of various functional groups rather independently from treatment parameters. The results were explained by extensive dissociation of oxygen molecules in the gaseous plasma and negligible flux of N atoms on the polymer surface.

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“…The study of noble gas flowing plasma has gained much attention in recent years due to its impact on the application of cold plasma jet and torches for soft ionization and mass spectrometry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

Brandi

Labate

Rapagnani

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Flowing plasma jets are increasingly investigated and used for surface treatments, including biological matter, and as soft ionization sources for mass spectrometry. They have the characteristic capability to transport energy from the plasma excitation region to the flowing afterglow, and therefore to a distant application surface, in a controlled manner. The ability to transport and deposit energy into a specimen is related to the actual energy transport mechanism. In case of a flowing helium plasma, the energy in the flowing afterglow may be carried by metastable helium atoms and long-lived helium dimer ions. In this work a systematic investigation of the optical and spectroscopic characteristics of a supersonic flowing helium plasma in vacuum and its afterglow as function of the helium gas density is presented. The experimental data are compared with numerical modeling of the plasma excitation and helium dimer ion formation supported by a Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation of the helium jet. The results indicate that the plasma afterglow is effectively due to helium dimer ions recombination via a three-body reaction.The study of noble gas flowing plasma has gained much attention in recent years due to its impact on the application of cold plasma jet and torches for soft ionization and mass spectrometry 1-10 .For a flowing helium plasma the dynamics of the energy transport in the afterglow is very complicated due to the peculiar helium plasma characteristics: presence of highly energetic metastable states and energetic excited states close to the ionization limit, as well as the prominent tendency, at increasing particle density, to form helium dimer ions 11,12 . The actual mechanisms and reactions governing the energy and charge transport from the plasma excitation region to the subsequent stream is of importance to understand and optimize the flowing plasma jets performances. Flowing plasma jets are characterized and optimized by playing on the gas flow rate, the plasma excitation power, the distance to the sample to be probed and the nozzle shape [13][14][15] .There are two main mechanisms supposedly underlying the energy transport in flowing helium plasma jets and the subsequent reactive nitrogen ion formation in ambient air.One mechanism is related to the high excited state energy of metastable helium atoms (more than 20 eV) which are formed during the plasma excitation, eventually from cascade transitions from higher excited states. The helium metastable atoms, He m , have long lifetime and therefore, in principle, can live in the afterglow, giving rise eventually to nitrogen ion formation in air through de-excitation and penning ionization in air 11 ,On the other side, at increasing particle number density, the excited helium atoms and the helium ions are rapidly and efficiently transformed into helium dimer ions, + He 2 , which have a long lifetime, since they do not posses a

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Improving the surface properties of an UHMWPE shoulder implant with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Synthesis and Properties of Plasma-Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate via the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique

Synthesis and Properties of Plasma-Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate via the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

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