Improving the Relationship between Processing and Properties of Zinc Die Casting: Developments in Creep and Ageing Correlations

Goodwin, Frank; Kallien, Lothar H.

doi:10.4271/2011-01-1082

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Zinc alloys experience a remarkable reduction of mechanical properties with time at room temperature. This drop in performance, called aging, is well documented in the literature [12,39,40].…”

Section: Effect Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…After one year of maintenance at room temperature, Zn alloys can experience a reduction in tensile strength in the order of 5-15%, depending on the alloy composition and specimen thickness (i.e., cooling rate/microstructure) [17,40].…”

Section: Effect Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To stabilize the properties of zinc alloys, artificial aging treatments at 65-105 • C have been frequently proposed [12,[39][40][41]. Artificial aging for 24 h at 85 • C is shown to lead only to a partial decrease in performance.…”

Section: Effect Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stress exponent n usually lies between 4 and 7 and it can be calculated experimentally from the power law function as the slope of the creep line (i.e., plotting the strain rate as a function of stress), while the activation energy Q can be determined performing the creep tests over a range of temperatures. For Zn alloys n is frequently found between 3.33 and 5 [40,68] while Q results about 94 kJ/mol for Zamak alloys and in the range 102-112 kJ/mol for ZA8, ZA12, and ZA27 [70,71]. A more detailed literature review about Q and n values for Zn alloys can be found in [71].…”

Section: Creepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4. Values of C for several alloys and levels of creep strain for use in Equation (3) (based on data from [40,73] Various mechanisms have been discussed for creep deformation of Zn-Al alloys, ranging from dislocation-controlled creep to grain boundary sliding.…”

Section: Creepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Microstructures and Properties of Zinc Alloys

Pola

Tocci

Goodwin³

2020

Metals

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According to market data, about 15% of world zinc consumption is devoted to the production of zinc-base alloys that are used for manufacturing automotive parts, electronic/electrical systems and also, water taps and sanitary fittings, household articles, fashion goods, etc. These alloys are characterized by low melting points and high fluidity that make them suitable for foundry applications. Typically, they are processed by hot chamber high-pressure die-casting where can be cast to thicknesses as low as 0.13 mm. The die-cast zinc alloys possess an attractive combination of mechanical properties, permitting them to be applied in a wide variety of functional applications. However, depending on the alloying elements and purposes, some zinc alloys can be processed also by cold chamber die-casting, gravity, or sand casting as well as spin casting and slush casting. In this paper, a detailed overview of the current knowledge in the relationships between processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of zinc-base alloys will be described. In detail, the evolution of the microstructure, the dimensional stability and aging phenomena are described. Furthermore, a thorough discussion on mechanical properties, as such as hardness, tensile, creep, and wear properties of zinc-base alloys is presented.Metals 2020, 10, 253 2 of 16 melting temperature, resulting in low energy consumption and long die life, combined with high fluidity, that helps in filling complex mold cavities and very thin sections, typically as low as 0.75 mm or even down to 0.13 mm [7]. They show good mechanical properties, including equivalent, or often better, bearing and wear properties than conventional Cu alloys [8,9]. Additionally, they offer good finishing and ability to be easily plated, making them more resistant to corrosion and wear and improving their aesthetic appearance. On the contrary, they suffer from reduction in performance above 80-90 • C [10] and/or after long exposure at room temperature (aging) [11]. For these reasons, they are mainly used for small non-structural components in many fields as such as automotive, hardware, electric/electronic devices, clothes, toys, sports, ornaments, etc. For instance, parts like safety belt blocks, locking mechanisms, wiper motor housings, cylinder locks, some electronic connectors, handles, tap systems, zippers, belt buckles, spring adjuster in bikes, costume jewelry, appliances, etc. are made from zinc-base alloys (Figure 1). Metals 2020, 1, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 16fluidity, that helps in filling complex mold cavities and very thin sections, typically as low as 0.75 mm or even down to 0.13 mm [7]. They show good mechanical properties, including equivalent, or often better, bearing and wear properties than conventional Cu alloys [8,9]. Additionally, they offer good finishing and ability to be easily plated, making them more resistant to corrosion and wear and improving their aesthetic appearance. On the contrary, they suffer from reduction in performance above 80-90 °C [10] and/or after long e...

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Section: Effect Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Effect Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Creepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Creepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Microstructures and Properties of Zinc Alloys

Pola

Tocci

Goodwin³

2020

Metals

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Challenges in the use of zinc and its alloys as biodegradable metals: Perspective from biomechanical compatibility

et al. 2019

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Effect of TiC Nanoparticles on a Zn-Al-Cu System for Biodegradable Cardiovascular Stent Applications

Zeng,

Murali,

See

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Despite being a weaker metal, zinc has become an increasingly popular candidate for biodegradable implant applications due to its suitable corrosion rate and biocompatibility. Previous studies have experimented with various alloy elements to improve the overall mechanical performance of pure Zn without compromising the corrosion performance and biocompatibility; however, the thermal stability of biodegradable Zn alloys has not been widely studied. In this study, TiC nanoparticles were introduced for the first time to a Zn-Al-Cu system. After hot rolling, TiC nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the Zn matrix and effectively enabled phase control during solidification. The Zn−Cu phase, which was elongated and sharp in the reference alloy, became globular in the nanocomposite. The strength of the alloy, after introducing TiC nanoparticles, increased by 31% from 259.7 to 340.3 MPa, while its ductility remained high at 49.2% elongation to failure. Fatigue performance also improved greatly by adding TiC nanoparticles, increasing the fatigue limit by 47.6% from 44.7 to 66 MPa. Furthermore, TiC nanoparticles displayed excellent phase control capability during body-temperature aging. Without TiC restriction, Zn−Cu phases evolved into dendritic morphologies, and the Al-rich eutectic grew thicker at grain boundaries. However, both Zn−Cu and Al-rich eutectic phases remained relatively unchanged in shape and size in the nanocomposite. A combination of exceptional tensile properties, improved fatigue performance, better long-term stability with a suitable corrosion rate, and excellent biocompatibility makes this new Zn-Al-Cu-TiC material a promising candidate for biodegradable stents and other biodegradable applications.

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Improving the Relationship between Processing and Properties of Zinc Die Casting: Developments in Creep and Ageing Correlations

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Review of Microstructures and Properties of Zinc Alloys

Review of Microstructures and Properties of Zinc Alloys

Challenges in the use of zinc and its alloys as biodegradable metals: Perspective from biomechanical compatibility

Effect of TiC Nanoparticles on a Zn-Al-Cu System for Biodegradable Cardiovascular Stent Applications

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