Abstract:The European Union (EU) is still lagging behind its objective to halt the loss of biodiversity. Current research shows promising ways to improve the cost‐effectiveness of existing policy mixes for habitat protection through the introduction of market‐based instruments. To harness the potential of these ideas for the pursuit of the EU's biodiversity conservation objective during upcoming changes in the policy landscape and to identify the optimal allocation for each instrument, it is necessary to understand the… Show more
“…There are also key linkages between these categories of ecosystem services and components of human well‐being such as the ‘basic material for a good life, security, health, security, and freedom of choice and action (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ). Managing complex multi‐dimensional policies of this kind to provide for human well‐being and conserve ecosystems requires a mix of policy instruments to address the multiple attributes of the goals and objectives involved (Ring and Schroeter‐Schlaack, ; Klassert and Möckel, ). These policy mixes or portfolios feature the use of combinations of different kinds of policy tool – market based, hierarchical, network and others – whose exact configuration changes from location to location.…”
Section: Introduction: Ecosystem Services and The Issue Of Policy Mixesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…mix of policy instruments to address the multiple attributes of the goals and objectives involved (Ring and Schroeter-Schlaack, 2011;Klassert and Möckel, 2013). These policy mixes or portfolios feature the use of combinations of different kinds of policy toolmarket based, hierarchical, network and otherswhose exact configuration changes from location to location.…”
“…There are also key linkages between these categories of ecosystem services and components of human well‐being such as the ‘basic material for a good life, security, health, security, and freedom of choice and action (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ). Managing complex multi‐dimensional policies of this kind to provide for human well‐being and conserve ecosystems requires a mix of policy instruments to address the multiple attributes of the goals and objectives involved (Ring and Schroeter‐Schlaack, ; Klassert and Möckel, ). These policy mixes or portfolios feature the use of combinations of different kinds of policy tool – market based, hierarchical, network and others – whose exact configuration changes from location to location.…”
Section: Introduction: Ecosystem Services and The Issue Of Policy Mixesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…mix of policy instruments to address the multiple attributes of the goals and objectives involved (Ring and Schroeter-Schlaack, 2011;Klassert and Möckel, 2013). These policy mixes or portfolios feature the use of combinations of different kinds of policy toolmarket based, hierarchical, network and otherswhose exact configuration changes from location to location.…”
“…Policy mix analysis is also an emerging area of analysis in the journal of Environmental Policy and Governance (Klassert and Möckel, ; Jordan et al , ; Kivimaa and Virkamäki, ; Mahzouni, ; dos Santos et al , ). Klassert and Möckel () analyse the constraints and opportunities for introducing further market‐based instruments in conjunction with existing policies under the EU Birds and Habitats Directive and Common Agricultural Policy. Jordan et al () evaluate a federal‐level policy mix to overcome the barriers of small and medium‐sized enterprises to resource efficiency innovation in Germany.…”
“…These innovative financing instruments are also suggested by the European Commission, although such instruments are covering a rather small portion of the total financing requirements. This claim for innovative financing mechanisms is also supported by the scientific literature [16,75]. In analyzed EU candidate and potential candidate countries, with the EU Accession, huge financial resources have become available for different nature conservation-related projects.…”
Section: Economic Factors As the Major Obstacle Of Nature Conservatiomentioning
confidence: 82%
“…The responsibility of implementing and financing the Natura 2000 lays with the EU member states. Therefore, national public funding is the most frequently mentioned source of financing Natura 2000 objectives and measures in all analyzed EU member countries as well as the scientific literature [9,23,30,32,75]. Additionally, the EU offers funding opportunities for Natura 2000 through a so-called 'integrated approach'.…”
Section: Economic Factors As the Major Obstacle Of Nature Conservatiomentioning
The complex policy decision-making situation around nature conservation requires examination of the operational environment. This study develops and tests a three-phase analytical framework for the evaluation of operational environment factors influencing nature conservation policy implementation. The four important operational environment factors (legal, policy, economic, and social) have been identified, to build up a framework. The framework was tested in selected countries and includes experts’ opinions. Experts (n = 44) from five EU countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Slovakia, and Slovenia) and four non-EU countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) defined and evaluated the factors and sub-factors that affect the operational environment related to nature conservation policy implementation. The results show policy changes arising from the new governance requirements introduced by changed political regime and Europeanization are key driving factors for changes in the nature conservation operational environment. For nature conservation, these wide-reaching changes have led to new political and legal frameworks, new institutional set-ups and multilevel governance frameworks, new establishment of protected areas and Natura 2000 network, and the re-allocation of financial resources and inclusion of non-state actors in policy decision-making. However, there are also some challenges and unsolved problems that need further attention from policy decision-makers and institutions, especially related to the institutional gap, sustainable financing of nature conservation, transposition of the EU Directives into legal systems, designation of sites or improving their implementation, implementation of innovative funding schemes, and a transparent participatory process. This analytical framework can be applied to various problems related to any environmental issues or other policy implementation or management, and other sectors where public decision-making is combined with stakeholders’ engagement.
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