Improving the Patency of Jugular Vein Catheters in Sprague–Dawley Rats by Using an Antiseptic Nitrocellulose Coating

Abstract

Preclinical studies in animals often require frequent blood sampling over prolonged periods. A preferred method in rats is the implantation of a polyurethane catheter into the jugular vein, with heparinized glycerol as a lock solution. However, analysis of various biologic compounds (for example, microRNA) precludes the use of heparin. We used sodium citrate as an alternative to heparin but observed more frequent loss of catheter patency. We hypothesized that this effect was due to evaporation of lock solution at the exteriorized portion of the catheter, subsequent blood infiltration into the catheter, and ultimately clot formation within the catheter. We therefore tested evaporation and its variables in vitro by using 5 common catheter materials. We used the migration of dye into vertically anchored catheters as a measure of lock displacement due to evaporation. Exposure to dry room-temperature air was sufficient to cause dye migration against gravity, whereas a humid environment and adding glycerol to the lock solution mitigated this effect, thus confirming loss of the lock solution from the catheter by evaporation. We tested 4 catheter treatments for the ability to reduce lock evaporation. Results were validated in vivo by using male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) implanted with polyurethane jugular vein catheters and randomized to receive a nitrocellulose-based coating on the exteriorized portion of the catheter. Coating the catheters significantly improved patency, as indicated by a Kaplan-Meier log-rank hazard ratio greater than 5 in untreated catheters. We here demonstrate that a simple nitrocellulose coating reduces evaporation from and thus prolongs the patency of polyurethane catheters in rats.

Role of miR-92a-3p, oxidative stress, and p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with central venous catheter related thrombosis

“…Thrombosis is a disease involving multiple factors and systems and a major contributor to global health burden [23]. Many approaches, such as changes in the diameter of catheter [24], tuning of catheter-to-vein ratio [25], novel catheter surface coatings [26], use of catheter-locking solutions [27] or anticoagulants [28], and handgrip exercise [29], have been investigated to prevent CRT. Numerous reports on CRT were clinical studies.…”

Glucolipotoxicity and GLP-1 secretion

“…The catheters were tunneled subcutaneously and exteriorized at the base of the neck. 17 The animals were recovered for 7 days after surgery. Catheter patency was maintained with 50 units/mL heparin in 0.9% saline (Dai Han Pharm., Ansan, South Korea).…”

Quantification of extracellular vesicles with unaltered surface membranes using an internalized oligonucleotide tracer and droplet digital PCR applied to modeling ofin vivokinetics

“…After a two week acclimation period, animals were subjected to surgery for placement of jugular vein catheters 12 . The animals were anesthetized using isoflurane inhalation (5% induction, 2–3% maintenance) and body weight was measured on a digital scale.…”

“…After a final check for patency, the catheter was flushed with 0.6 mL bacteriostatic saline and locked with 0.15 mL 4% sodium citrate (4B7867Q, Fenwal Inc., Lake Zurich, IL, USA). Liquid bandage (CVS Health, Woonsocket, RI, USA) was applied to the exteriorized catheter to extend patency 12 . After 2 d of surgical recovery, patency was verified by placing animals into a rodent restrainer (cat.…”