Improving the Out-Coupling of a Metal-Metal Terahertz Frequency Quantum Cascade Laser Through Integration of a Hybrid Mode Section into the Waveguide

Inverted organic photovoltaic cells

“…Three critical requirements can be summarized for effective transparent top electrode: (1) the thin dielectric layer adjacent to the organic active layer serves to transport the holes and block the electrons, which should form an ohmic contact with the photoactive layer; 397,398 (2) tuning the thickness of Ag is very important for balancing the sheet resistance and optical transmittance; (3) the outer dielectric layer incorporated as a light coupling layer is of great importance to tune the optical properties of the anode electrode and particularly mitigate deleterious reflections caused by the large mismatch of refractive indices at the Ag/air interface. [399][400][401] Based on these principles, Jin et al demonstrated the application of the DMD top electrode in 25.0 cm 2 large area OPVs monolithic sub-modules. 402 The optimized MoO x /Ag/MoO x showed an optical transmission of 80% at 520 nm, and a sheet resistance of B5 O sq À1 .…”

Broadband terahertz dispersion control in hybrid waveguides

“…Here, we approach the challenge of providing THz dispersion control through integration of a dielectric-metal (DM) mode section into a common metal-metal (MM) waveguide [31], thus forming a hybrid waveguide. The DM mode is enabled by absence of the top metal layer of the MM-waveguide, incorporating a high index contrast between the core and the dielectric cladding, which could be air [32]. If the waveguide dimensions are shrunk, so that a portion of the mode resides both outside and inside the waveguide, strong waveguide dispersion can result in anomalous GVD [33,34].…”