“…Apart from the process parameters, the origin of the residues and enzymes affect the yield and structures of the FOS obtained. The results from a number of studies indicated that agricultural residues (i.e., sugarcane bagasse, spent coffee, spent tea, rice bran, wheat bran, corn cob; 12-60% yields) give significantly higher yields of FOS than those obtained from FVSW (e.g., pineapple peel, banana peel, apple pomace; 2-7% yields) [67,68,109,111,112]. A comparative study using various low-cost agricultural wastes as substrates for solid state fermentation to produce fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus flavus NFCCI 2364 indicated that among FVSW tested (apple pomace and peels of banana, beet root, orange, guava, pineapple, papaya, mango, passion fruit), banana peel was the most promising raw material for FOS and enzyme production, yielding 7 g FOS/100 g waste [67].…”