Improving the formulation and timing of application of endophytic biocontrol and chemical agents against frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri) in cocoa (Theobroma cacao)

Krauss, Ulrike; Hidalgo, Eduardo; Bateman, Roy; Adonijah, Valex; Arroyo, Claudio; Garcia, Johnny J.; Crozier, Jayne; Brown, Neil Andrew; Hoopen, G. Martijn ten; Holmes, Keith A.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.05.011

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Our formulation still had 50% effectiveness after 3.2 weeks. This duration of action is practically the same as that of the Trichoderma ovalisporum conidial formulation used to control M. roreri, the causal agent of cacao frosty pod rot disease (Krauss et al, 2010). It is also similar to that of the systemic fungicides commonly employed by cacao producers in Cameroon (3 weeks).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…(e.g. De Souza et al, 2008;Krauss et al, 2006Krauss et al, , 2010Tondje et al, 2007). In the case of Witches' broom this has even led to the development of a registered biological control product, called Trichovab® (Samuels, 2004), based on Trichoderma stromaticum, being used in a Brazilian government funded program to control M. pemiciosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

et al. 2014

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HIGHLIGHTS• New oil-based dispersion with a half-life of T. asperellum conidia of 22.5 weeks.• Complete inhibition of P. megakarya on sprayed detached pods.• Enhanced rate and duration of protection on sprayed cacao pods in the field.• 50% of pods protected 3.2 weeks after spraying in the field.• Formulation suitable for the spraying equipment of small-scale cacao producers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTFormulated conidia of Trichoderma provide similar or even better protection of cacao pods against black pod disease than a conventional fungicide. ABSTRACTIn African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya is a priority. Introducing biological control agents as part of a P. megakarya control strategy is highly desirable, especially in a perspective of pesticide reduction. Trichoderma species are among the most used biological control agents. In Cameroon, Trichoderma asperellum formulated in wettable powder has produced positive effects against this disease. However, with this type of formulation, shelf-life and persistence of conidia on pods are limited. Our study therefore sought to develop a new T. asperellum formulation that would be more effective and better suited to the conditions of field application by small-scale producers in Cameroon. We selected a soybean oil-based oil dispersion, in which the half-life of the conidia reached 22.5 weeks, versus 5 weeks in Published in : Biological Control (2014), vol. 77, pp. 15-22 Status : Postprint (Author's version) aqueous suspension. Tested on detached pods, the formulation completely inhibited the development of the disease. When sprayed in the field on cacao clones highly sensitive to P. megakarya, the formulation resulted in 90% protection of treated pods after 1 week, and 50% after 3.2 weeks. The formulations exercised a measurable effect for up to 7 weeks, versus 2 weeks in the case of an aqueous conidial suspension and 5 weeks for that of a conventional fungicide (Kocide). Trichoderma asperellum formulated in oil dispersion has therefore great potential for the control of cacao black pod disease with less recourse to synthetic fungicides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

et al. 2014

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“…A causa de esta situación y teniendo en cuenta el incremento en la demanda de cacao orgánico, en años recientes se viene enfatizando la búsqueda de alternativas de bajo impacto ambiental, tales como el uso de organismos antagonistas (Bailey et al, 2008;Melnick et al, 2011), extractos vegetales (Ramírez et al, 2011b;Lozada et al, 2012;Ramírez et al, 2013) y en menor medida, aunque no de menor potencial, los preparados a base de minerales (Krauss et al, 2010: Ramírez et al, 2011a.…”

Section: Tratamientounclassified

“…Due to this situation and taking into account the increased demand for organic cocoa in recent years has been emphasized the need to search for alternatives with low environmental impact, such as the use of antagonistic organisms (Bailey et al, 2008;Melnick et al, 2011), plant extracts (Ramirez et al, 2011b;Lozada et al, 2012;Ramirez et al, 2013) and to a lesser extent, but not with least potential, mineral preparations (Krauss et al, 2010;Ramirez et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Conclusionesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efecto de preparados minerales sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo in vitro de Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. & Par.) Evans

Fonseca

González

Báez

et al. 2017

Remexca

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El presente estudio se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar en condiciones de laboratorio, la actividad fungicida sobre Moniliophthora roreri de los preparados minerales: caldo visosa (CV), caldo bordelés más permanganato de potasio (CBP), caldo bordelés más sulfato de zinc y sulfato de magnesio (CBS), caldo de bicarbonato de sodio (BiS), caldo silicosulfocálcico (SSC) y polisulfuro de calcio (PC). Se realizaron dos bioensayos. En el primero, el efecto inhibitorio sobre el crecimiento del hongo se evaluó mediante la técnica de difusión en agar, los compuestos fueron probados en cinco concentraciones (50, 40, 30, 20 y 10% v/v). En el segundo, mediante la técnica de cultivo en medio líquido en tubos de ensayo se determinó el efecto sobre la formación y germinación de esporas del hongo; el medio de cultivo consistió de una solución de agua más extracto de cacao (1:1 v/v) a la cual se adicionaron esporas del hongo y 50% (v/v) de cada preparado mineral. Con excepción del BiS al 10%, el crecimiento micelial fue inhibido total o parcialmente por los demás preparados minerales, presentando diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el testigo. Los preparados SSC y PC fueron los más eficaces inhibiendo 100% de crecimiento micelial aún en la concentración de 10%. La prueba en medio líquido mostró que a las 96 horas los preparados SSC y PC fueron los más eficaces, llegando a reducir el número de esporas en 98.2 y 79.9% respectivamente; solo se presentó germinación de esporas en el tratamiento testigo. Se observó la formación de esporas en los tratamientos BiS en todas las concentraciones y en el testigo, pero ningún preparado mineral permitió la germinación de esporas.

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“…El hongo puede utilizar como vectores de dispersión el agua, los insectos, el viento, así como una gran variedad de actividades antropogénicas [11,[20][21][22]. No obstante, la dispersión y severidad de la enfermedad dependen mucho de las condiciones ambientales, especialmente de la humedad y temperatura, así como del manejo de la plantación [20,23,24], esta es una de las principales causas de la dificultad de controlar la enfermedad.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Climate change and the risk of spread of the fungus from the high mortality of Theobroma cocoa in Latin America

Andrade

Páez

Feria

et al. 2017

Neotropical Biodiversity

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Improving the formulation and timing of application of endophytic biocontrol and chemical agents against frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri) in cocoa (Theobroma cacao)

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Efecto de preparados minerales sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo in vitro de Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. & Par.) Evans

Climate change and the risk of spread of the fungus from the high mortality of Theobroma cocoa in Latin America

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