“…In addition to the above comparative analysis to optimize the energy separation performance, it is a new research direction to use a large amount of experimental data and intelligent algorithm to predict the performance and optimize the parameters of vortex tube in recent years. Rafiee [ 14 ] compared and investigated the energy separation effects of Ranque-Hilsch vortex tubes, parallel vortex tubes and double loop vortex tubes through experimental and CFD studies. Rafiee [ 15 ] numerically investigated the fire analysis of vortex tubes using the cfd model and the results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data.…”