Improving the efficiency of Nesogordonia papaeverifera (Danta) as a natural dye in textile making industry

Abstract

An attempt was made to extract natural colourant from the bark of N. papaeverifera. The optimisation of the extraction procedure was evaluated using various solvents. The optimal colourant extraction was observed with acetone as solvent at constant temperature of 70 °C for 1 h. The main extracted colourant compound was isolated using column chromatography and characterised by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, mass spectrometry, proton and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The dyeing and durability of the colourant extract were evaluated. This low-cost biomass was obtained from a timber industry and its extract used to dye cotton and nylon 6,6 fabrics with only small amounts (6% and 4%) of metallic mordants, namely, copper(II) sulfate and stannous chloride. Dyed cotton and nylon were analysed for their K/S, CIE L * , a * , b * , c * , h * values and the colour fastness properties to light, crocking (rubbing) and washing. The UV-visible spectral result suggest the presence of such chromophores as C=O and-C=C-. The broad FTIR result at 3596 cm-1 is indicating a carbonyl group, the 13 C NMR spectrum showed absorption at 206 ppm while the proton NMR gave absorption at 4.37 to 5.24 ppm suggesting-OH protons. Colour shades of brown were obtained. Significant differences in colour depth were observed depending on the mordant type. Copper(II) sulfate was found to produce the most significant colour changes, the deepest brownish colour, and the best light fastness and wash fastness values. The colourant extract itself (without mordant) had a light fastness of 3 (fair) on cotton fabric and 3/4(good) on nylon 6,6 fabric. In general, colour fastness to light was good (grade 5 for cotton and grade 4/5 to 5 for nylon) colour fastness to washing was very good (grade 4 to 4/5 for cotton and grade 3/4 to 4 for nylon) and colour fastness to rubbing was very good (grade 3/4 to 5).

Comparative study and dyeing performance of as-synthesized azo heterocyclic monomeric, polymeric, and commercial disperse dyes

“…The test for color fastness to washing was determined using the ISO 105-CO6:2010 test method [ 28 ]. The fastness of the dyed washed samples was assessed using the standard methods.…”

Facile synthesis and dyeing performance of some disperse monomeric and polymeric dyes on nylon and polyester fabrics

“…The test for colour fastness to washing was determined using the ISO 105-CO6:2010 test method [25]. The fastness of the dyed washed samples was assessed using standard methods.…”

Extraction and Application of Natural Colourant from the Bark of Berlinia Grandiflora on Cotton and Polyamide 6 Fabrics

“…After 30 mins of dyeing, 3.0 g sodium sulphate was added to improve exhaustion. The samples were then removed, washed with distilled water, and dried at 50 °C [28].…”

“…The mordanting baths was prepared using two different mordants, which are stannous chloride (4%) and copper (II) sulphate (6%), by adjusting the pH to 5 using acetic acid. The initial temperature of the mordanting bath was set at 40 °C and it was brought to boiling over 20 mins and held at 100 °C for 1 h [28]. The dyeing process with the extracted compound was started at 40 °C, and the temperature was increased to 100 °C over 20 mins and held at this temperature for 1 h. All the samples were rinsed with cold water to remove dyes from the surface and dried at room temperature.…”