Improving the effectiveness of pregnancy warning labels displayed on alcohol containers: a French eye-tracking study

Lacoste-Badie, Sophie; Droulers, Olivier; Dossou, Gloria; Gallopel-Morvan, Karine

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.08.010

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Labels on alcohol products, including health warnings, are one of the policy options endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO European Region, 2022b ; WHO's Alcohol Drugs and Addictive Behaviours Unit, 2022 ) with scarcer evidence base compared to tobacco, where health warnings have been established as an important part of a comprehensive policy strategy (Flor et al., 2021 ). The majority of the existing studies experimentally examining the impact of labels on different variables have been done in English‐speaking countries (Kokole et al., 2021 ), and despite a few country‐specific studies focusing on particular populations in mainland Europe (Annunziata et al., 2019 ; Glock & Krolak‐Schwerdt, 2013 ; Lacoste‐Badie et al., 2022 ; Morgenstern et al., 2021 ; Staub et al., 2022 ), there remains a notable shortage of comprehensive studies on alcohol labelling in this region (Jané‐Llopis et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels

Correia,

Tran,

Kokole

et al. 2024

Int J Methods Psych Res

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ObjectivesThis paper describes the design and implementation of an online survey experiment to investigate the effects of alcohol warning labels on alcohol‐related knowledge, risk perceptions and intentions.MethodThe survey collected self‐reported data from 14 European countries through two waves of data collection with different recruitment strategies: dissemination via social media and public health agencies was followed by paid‐for Facebook ads. The latter strategy was adopted to achieve broader population representation. Post‐stratification weighting was used to match the sample to population demographics.ResultsThe survey received over 34,000 visits and resulted in a sample size of 19,601 participants with complete data on key sociodemographic characteristics. The responses in the first wave were over‐representing females and higher educated people, thus the dissemination was complemented by the paid‐for Facebook ads targeting more diverse populations but had higher attrition rate.ConclusionExperiments can be integrated into general population surveys. Pan‐European results can be achieved with limited resources and a combination of sampling methods to compensate for different biases, and statistical adjustments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels

Correia,

Tran,

Kokole

et al. 2024

Int J Methods Psych Res

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“…Most studies that compared different alcohol warning formats used self-report measures that have several limitations, such as capturing only conscious reactions and misreporting or underestimating alcohol consumption and risks. To avoid this problem, some researchers used eye tracking to assess the attention devoted to alcohol warnings (Diouf et al, 2023;John et al, 2022;Lacoste-Badie et al, 2022;Pham et al, 2018;Sillero-Rejon et al, 2018). Traditional self-report measures can be completed and supplemented by neuroimaging methods to measure cognitive and affective reactions that may play a key role in explaining the effect of such labels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of text‐only versus large text‐and‐picture alcohol warning formats: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in French young male drinkers

Gallopel‐Morvan,

Duche,

Diouf

et al. 2024

Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research

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BackgroundAlthough the World Health Organization recommends visible and clear warning labels about the risks of alcohol consumption on containers and advertising, many of the currently used labels are too small to be visible. This study investigated the brain activity (using fMRI) and alcohol consumption intentions of French young men exposed to two warning formats displayed on alcoholic beverage advertisements: a small Text‐only Alcohol Warning (TAW) currently used in many countries, and a larger text‐and‐picture alcohol warning (PAW).MethodsSeventy‐four eligible 18–25‐year‐old male drinkers completed a face‐to‐face individual visit with a physician expert in addiction medicine. This was followed by the fMRI session during which they viewed 288 stimuli [96 alcohol advertisements with TAWs, the same 96 advertisements with PAWs, and 96 water advertisements (controls)] for 3 s each. If the advertisement made participants want (“yes”)/do not want (“no”) to consume the product, they pressed the corresponding button (self‐report responses). The number of “yes” responses was compared between advertisement types with a paired sample t‐test. Whole‐brain and region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses of the fMRI data were performed.ResultsWhole‐brain BOLD fMRI highlighted contrasting effects of PAWs and TAWs. Compared with TAWs, PAWs elicited more activation in the precuneus, angular gyrus, occipital, frontal and temporal areas, and less activation in the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental areas, and putamen areas (regions of the reward circuit). The ROI analysis confirmed less activation in the reward circuit (left and right ventral tegmental areas, left and right nucleus accumbens) when viewing PAWs than TAWs. Analysis of the self‐report responses indicated that the desire to consume the advertised alcohol product was lower when PAWs were viewed (compared with TAWs) (T = 8.18, p < 10−11).ConclusionsThis is the first fMRI study to assess the effect of different alcohol warning formats. Our findings show that compared with TAWs, stronger PAWs in advertisements elicited less activity in key regions of the reward system. This suggests that the effects may influence the desire to consume alcohol products (self‐report response analysis). These results could help policymakers who are interested in developing more effective labeling measures that target young people.

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“…To pursue our research objectives, two studies were conducted on young adults: an online quantitative survey and an eye-tracking study (useful for objectively measuring visual attention, Sciulli et al , 2017; Lacoste-Badie et al , 2022). This paper reviews the literature and hypotheses, presents the two studies conducted and their findings and examines the public policy implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of alcohol ad content regulations on young people: a multi-method study

Diouf

Lacoste-Badie²,

Droulers³

et al. 2023

JSOCM

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Purpose Upstream social marketers advocate implementing effective public policies to protect vulnerable populations from the impacts of advertising harmful products. This study aims to explore how alcohol ad content restrictions (as practised in some countries where ads may only convey factual information and objective properties of alcohol products) versus non-regulated advertising affect consumers’ product perceptions, attitude towards the ad and desire to drink. This study also examines how such restrictions influence the noticeability of text health warnings in ads (signalling alcohol-related risks) depending on their prominence. Design/methodology/approach A multi-method study was used to increase the validity of results. An online quantitative survey (n = 348) and an eye-tracking study (n = 184) were conducted on young French people (15–30). The eye-tracking method is particularly relevant for objectively measuring visual attention. Findings Results show that content restrictions on alcohol advertising reduce ad appeal and desire to drink. A more prominent format enhanced attentional processing of the text warning, whereas none of the tested ad contents influenced its noticeability. Practical implications This study assesses scientific evidence of the effect on alcohol ad content regulations adopted by some countries and provides arguments for upstream social marketers to inform and influence policymakers. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first multi-method study that assesses the effect of regulated vs non-regulated alcohol ads in terms of persuasion and of text warning visibility.

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Improving the effectiveness of pregnancy warning labels displayed on alcohol containers: a French eye-tracking study

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels

Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels

Impact of text‐only versus large text‐and‐picture alcohol warning formats: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in French young male drinkers

Effect of alcohol ad content regulations on young people: a multi-method study

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