“…More recent advances include bioengineering techniques to measure skin and tissue status during and after loading such as transepidermal water loss [63,64], skin and tissue hydration [63,65], (skin) blood flow [66][67][68], skin markers such as interleukins [66,69], microclimate measurements [63,70], ultrasound to detect edema and structural tissue changes [71,72], and infrared Table 2 Key considerations for investigating measurement properties of pressure ulcer/injury classification. • COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) [45] • • COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) [45] thermography to detect warm areas indicative of tissue inflammation and cold areas indicative of tissue death [73,74]. These assessment approaches provide promise for our ability to measure early pressure damage that is not visible under intact skin [63,75].…”