Improving the detection of IgM antibodies against glycolipids complexes of GM1 and Galactocerebroside in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy using glycoarray and ELISA assays

Guillain‐BarrÉ syndrome subtype diagnosis: A prospective multicentric European study

“…Cerebrospinal fluid was examined in 56 patients at the time of hospital admission (days after disease onset: mean 3.6, range 1-12). Small numbers of mononuclear cells occurred in 33 patients (59%) (range [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In 2 of these, a mild pleocytosis of 11 and 19 mononuclear cells, respectively, was found.…”

“…All lipids were obtained from Sigma UK except for GQ1b (Matreya, State College, PA). Samples were tested using standardized standardized Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment‐ELISA methods . Sera were considered positive if the optical density difference between wells coated with the antigen and blank methanol wells exceeded the mean + 3 SDs of healthy controls.…”

“…Samples were tested using standardized standardized Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment-ELISA methods. 17,18 Sera were considered positive if the optical density difference between wells coated with the antigen and blank methanol wells exceeded the mean 1 3 SDs of healthy controls. For correlation with GBS subtypes, patients with antibodies were divided in 2 groups, i.e., those with anti-GM1 and/or GD1a antibodies and those with anti-GD1b antibodies only since antigenic target specificities may be different.…”

Autoantibody pathogenicity in a multifocal motor neuropathy induced pluripotent stem cell–derived model

“…GM1-antibody ELISA has important methodological limitations, in particular limited sensitivity. [36][37][38] The interaction of GM1 with other glycolipids in the axolemma of cultured MNs probably alters the antigenicity of GM1-containing complexes, thereby naturally optimizing binding and detection of anti-GM1 antibodies in patient serum. [39][40][41][42] This highlights the benefits of an in vitro humanized model system for detecting antibody binding compared to ELISA methodology.…”

Glycoarray: A savior in an arduous sea?

“…In determining antibodies against glycolipid complexes, the strict combination ratio of glycolipids is overlooked, and only mixtures of glycolipids at ratio 1:1 by weight are considered. However, recent investigations show that modifying this ratio changes the sensitivity of the antibody assay, possibly making it necessary to raise the number of the antibodies to be screened …”