Improving the Conservation and Effectiveness of Arthropod Parasitoids for Cotton Pest Management

Gahukar, R. T.

doi:10.5367/000000006776207717

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Despite the relative importance of pest suppression in tropical agroecosystems, our knowledge of this ecosystem service is limited even in crops that are usually grown to provide cash for smallholders, such as cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) (Midega et al, 2012;Wyckhuys et al, 2013). Although a rich assemblage of predators and parasitoids is present in African cotton fields (Gahukar, 2006;Munduru, 2008), knowledge on the level of natural pest control would be instructive when modifications to agricultural practices are considered, including the recent introduction of transgenic cotton into several African countries (James, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation pressure in Ugandan cotton fields measured by a sentinel prey method

Howe

Nachman

Löveï

2015

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Pest suppression by natural enemies is an important ecosystem service, which is a valuable resource to poor smallholders in developing countries. Diverse natural enemy assemblages of arthropod predators and parasitoids are documented in various regions in Africa, but our knowledge of their impact on herbivores in agroecosystems remains limited. We conducted experiments in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), under typical local agronomic practices in Uganda to assess levels of predation pressure ascribed to natural enemies. We measured predation rates on artificial caterpillars made of plasticine glued to cotton plants. Predation pressure on cotton fields varied between 1.96 and 4.1% per day, but was not significantly influenced by cotton treatments (insecticide/no insecticide, monocropping/intercropping with Phaseolus spp.). Predation pressure in non‐crop habitats adjacent to cotton fields was up to 12× higher than in the fields. Marks left on the artificial caterpillars revealed that arthropods and birds were largely accountable for predation in cotton fields, whereas arthropods and small mammals were dominant in non‐cultivated habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation pressure in Ugandan cotton fields measured by a sentinel prey method

Howe

Nachman

Löveï

2015

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Generally speaking, any management practice which respects the classical tenets of IPM or facilitates the use of Bt cotton and the reduction in unnecessary insecticide treatments, supports the role of the indigenous beneficial arthropod fauna, which are often insufficient by themselves (Romeis et al, 2006;Symondson et al, 2002). A new biological control strategy may then be envisaged, utilising the appropriate management of habitats relevant to the biology of natural enemy conservation (Barbosa, 1998;Gahukar, 2006).…”

Section: Conservation Biological Control Of Cotton Pests Another Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable pest management for cotton production. A review

Deguine

Ferron

Russell

2008

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Cotton cultivation, often highlighted for its excessive consumption of plant protection products, is taken as a model to illustrate the development of the ideas and practices of crop protection over the last 50 years. Cotton is grown in 69 countries on 30-35 million hectares and the production exceeded 20 million tones of lint in recent years. Despite the continual improvement in the performance of chemical control strategies, harvest losses remain very high, of about 30%. The largest consumer of pesticides in the world, the cotton production system has the advantage of having been an experimental model for many crop protection programmes under various agronomic conditions and in the presence of diverse pest complexes. Without attempting an exhaustive bibliography, this review explores how and why the ideas underlying crop protection have significantly evolved since the advent of synthetic pesticides. After a spectacular demonstration of yield growth through the application of chemical control, cotton production was rapidly confronted by the secondary effects of this control. These included the appearance of evolved insecticide resistance and the appearance of new damage caused by pests considered up to then as of only secondary importance. In extreme cases, the economic viability of the production systems themselves have been compromised following increases in the application rate and frequency of insecticidal treatments. In general, harvest losses have remained high despite the constantly improving technical performance of pest control chemicals. Two models of the future of crop protection can be drawn: total pest management which involves the eradication of pests, and integrated pest management (IPM), which aims at the management of pest populations below economic thresholds by a mixture of chemical control and a suite of alternative control measures. The first method, total pest management is limited in agricultural systems to particular cases in which the pest in question has no significant alternate hosts in the vicinity of the crop system. On the other hand, the application of IPM is constrained both by the difficulties in exploiting the concept of an 'intervention threshold' and by the limitations of many of the specific non-chemical techniques proposed, but does have the advantage of taking into consideration the full pest complex in a cropping system. In practice, it has been a calendar schedule, largely of insecticidal treatments, established on the basis of earlier local observations which has been most widely adopted by growers. This strategy has produced significant improvements in production in the cotton producing countries of francophone Africa and elsewhere. This has led to area-wide integrated pest management which takes into account the potential for natural factors to regulate populations in a specific region. In cotton production, biological control by introduction and acclimation of beneficial arthropods has not been notably successful because of the difficulty of developing a suite of bene...

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“…An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is being promoted to minimize pesticide use and encourage ecological pest control. Biological control can be a key component of IPM and is often recommended as the first choice of defense in an IPM program (Suckling et al, 1999;Franco et al, 2004;Gahukar, 2006). Diversified species on farm was also proposed as an integrated pest management method to control pests (Pimentel, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Damage Reduction while Maintaining Rice Yield in Duck-Rice Farming Compared with Mono Rice Farming

Zhang

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2009

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

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Rice-duck farming was a traditional farming system in China and reintroduced to China's agricultural practice in recent years. We conducted an experiment to investigate whether rice-duck farming without pesticides can reduce pest damages on rice by comparing "without pesticide" and "with pesticide" in mono rice farming. The results showed that the leaves of rice damaged by pests or rice plants killed by pests were significantly lower in treatments of "rice-duck farming" and "with pesticide" than those in treatment "without pesticide," but there were no significant differences between treatments of "rice-duck farming" and "with pesticide." Numbers of filled grain per panicle, grain weight, and yield were significantly lower in "without pesticide" treatment than those in "with pesticide" or "rice-duck farming" treatments, but there were no significant differences between the treatments of "with pesticide" and "rice-duck farming." The experiment suggested that ducks could replace pesticide use in terms of controlling pest damage without reducing rice yield in a rice-duck system.

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Improving the Conservation and Effectiveness of Arthropod Parasitoids for Cotton Pest Management

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Predation pressure in Ugandan cotton fields measured by a sentinel prey method

Predation pressure in Ugandan cotton fields measured by a sentinel prey method

Sustainable pest management for cotton production. A review

Insect Damage Reduction while Maintaining Rice Yield in Duck-Rice Farming Compared with Mono Rice Farming

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