Improving the catalytic nitrate reduction

Study of a combined sulfur autotrophic with proton-exchange membrane electrodialytic denitrification technology: Sulfate control and pH balance

“…Since nitrate has a deleterious effect on human health and environment, processes for nitrate removal have gained attention in recent years (Kleinjans et al, 1991;Nolan et al, 1997). The conventional treatment methods used to remove nitrate are reverse osmosis (RO) (Brigita et al, 2009), ion exchange (IE) (Samatya et al, 2006), catalytic (Prüsse et al, 2000;Florence et al, 2001;Wan et al, 2009a) and biological (Anabela et al, 2000;Lucas et al, 2005;Liu and Koenig, 2002;Rezania et al, 2007) processes. There are some disadvantages with these methods that limit their application.…”

“…For instance, both RO and IE cannot transfer nitrate into harmless nitrogen but only concentrate nitrate from water to waste brine that may pose a disposal problem for afterwards treatment. For the new method of catalytic process, although complete or partial nitrate removal is reported by the researchers Prüsse et al (2000), Florence et al (2001) and Wan et al (2009a), formation of ammonia and nitrite along with nitrate reduction is an undesired consequence of this method. Besides, high costs and deactivation of catalysts limits its utilization.…”

Nitrate and Nitrite Electrocatalytic Reduction at Layer-by-Layer Films Composed of Dawson-type Heteropolyanions Mono-substituted with Transitional Metal Ions and Silver Nanoparticles

“…Consumed nitrate is also reduced to nitrite by enteric bacteria, which might subsequently lead to serious health risks [12,13]. The maximum admissible concentrations for nitrates in drinking water is 50 mg/l (0.8 mM) in the European Drinking Water Directive [14][15][16].…”

Using the combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system for groundwater denitrification

“…The methods that can remove nitrate from groundwater mainly include ion exchange (IE) (Chen et al, 2002;Samatya et al, 2006), reverse osmosis (RO), catalytical (Prüsse et al, 2000) and biological process. However, IE and RO processes can not transfer nitrate into harmless compounds but only concentrate nitrate from water to brine and need afterwards treatment; catalytical process may generate more toxic byproduct (such as NO À 2 and NH þ 4 ) and it is still in the experimental test stage (Prüsse et al, 2000). Only biological denitrification is the most favorable way to remove nitrate and it is successfully used for nitrate contaminated groundwater treatment.…”