Improving surface integrity and corrosion resistance of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy by cryogenic machining

Bertolini, Rachele; Lizzul, Lucia; Pezzato, Luca; Ghiotti, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-04180-5

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…37 However, the other two lubri-coolant-milling conditions (Figure 4(a) and (c)) consisted a comparatively higher temperature than cryo-lubri-coolant-milling, which would allow more amount of regional (local) softening, resulting into the thermally induced surface damage via cracking and adherence. 7 Similar findings were observed in Figure 5(a) to (c) also where cryo-lubri-coolant-milled surface was found to be superior to hybrid-lubri-coolant-milled surface followed by wet-lubri-coolant-milled surface. However, in this case, the milled surfaces exhibited the maximum damage and number of cracks compared to Figure 4(a) to (c).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, the finally achieved surface, metallurgical, and mechanical properties primarily depend on the type of material subtractive method and cutting tool behavior. 7 In addition, in all the CNC assisted subtractive processes, the cutting tool performance is further subjected to the variations in the input control variables such as feed rate, cutting or spindle speed, depth of cut, machining pressure, frictional force, lubri-coolant condition, and generated enormous heat. The detrimental influence of any such alteration can weaken and disintegrate the cutting ability of the cutting tool, and thus, induce the tool wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Study of Cryo-Treated End Mill Via Wet, Cryogenic, and Hybrid Lubri-Coolant-Milling Induced Surface Integrity of Biocompatible Mg Alloy AZ91D

Davis

Singh

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The excellent biodegradability of the magnesium (Mg) alloys is gradually proving them as the potential substitutes to several biomedical implants such as chemotherapy ports or screws, which are required to be removed via secondary surgeries after a specific period of time. However, an early degradation of these alloys even before the complete healing of the damaged tissue, when exposed to the physiological atmosphere, has been limiting their full-fledged application. Some latest research articles suggest that such challenges can be effectively overcome by improving the surface integrity of Mg alloys using the sustainable manufacturing techniques, such as cryogenic machining. Recent literatures also report the outperformance of the cryogenically treated (cryo-treated) cutting tools for achieving an enhanced surface integrity. In this relation, the present research attempts to improve the surface integrity of one of the most commonly used biocompatible alloys of magnesium, known as AZ91D. For this reason, a TiAlN coated-cemented carbide end mill was used in an untreated and cryo-treated state amid wet, cryogenic, and hybrid-lubri-coolant-milling conditions. The milling and FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) results showed a considerable improvement in the surface integrity in terms of an augmented surface roughness and microhardness at 56.52 m/min cutting speed with the cryo-treated end mill during hybrid-lubri-coolant-milling. At the high cutting speed hybrid-lubri-coolant-milling, the cryo-treated end mill attained 35.71% and 48.07% better surface finish than that of cryo and wet-lubri-coolant-milling, respectively. Although, the highest surface microhardness was achieved by the cryo-treated end mill amid cryo-lubri-coolant-milling, due to the poorest surface quality observed in terms of the maximum number of machining-induced cracks, the hybrid-lubri-coolant-milled surface was preferred over the cryo and wet-lubri-coolant-milled surfaces. Further, the FESEM and EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analyses confirmed the oxide layer produced by the cryo-treated end mill amid hybrid-lubri-coolant-milling, to be the thinnest (12.16 µm) and most uniform passivation layer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Study of Cryo-Treated End Mill Via Wet, Cryogenic, and Hybrid Lubri-Coolant-Milling Induced Surface Integrity of Biocompatible Mg Alloy AZ91D

Davis

Singh

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…Surface treatment is also an effective way to improve the corrosion properties of 3D-printed titanium alloys. For example, the corrosion performance of 3Dprinted titanium alloys was enhanced by surface cryogenic machining [51] . Subjected to electropolishing with optimised parameters, an even and smoother surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was achieved, and the corrosion resistance was increased because of the formation of a stable TiO 2 film on the surface [52] .…”

Section: Corrosion Properties Of Dense Bulk Titanium Alloys Fabricated Via 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Corrosion Characteristics of Porous Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Gai

Bai

et al. 2021

J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sci.)

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Porous titanium and its alloys have been considered as promising implants owing to their low elastic modulus and capability to provide channels for bone growth. Currently, additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques have been successfully applied to produce porous titanium alloys owing to the advantages of controllable and precise fabrication. Considering the safety aspect, an understanding of corrosion in porous titanium alloys and the corresponding mechanisms is important for their long-term application in the human body. In this paper, the recent progress in improving the corrosion properties of porous titanium alloys fabricated via 3D printing techniques is reviewed. The effects of pore type, porosity, electrolyte, and modification of the material on the corrosion properties of porous titanium alloys are introduced and discussed. In addition, the limitations of traditional methods for measuring the corrosion performance of porous titanium alloys were analysed. Perspectives for evaluating and improving the corrosion performance of porous titanium alloys using new methods are provided.

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“…Some scholars have conducted research on the surface characteristics and corrosion behaviours of machined metal surfaces [10][11][12][13][14]. Rajaguru et al [15] demonstrated that the ferrite phase of super duplex stainless steel was easier to suffer stress corrosion cracking behaviour than the austenite phase in the chloride environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of 42CrMo4 High-Strength Steel Strengthened by Hard Turning

Liu

et al. 2021

Materials

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To improve the surface corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel used in a marine environment, this article studied the effects of hard turning on the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel through the single factor experimental method, namely hard turning, polarization corrosion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization curve, and salt spray tests. The results indicated that the surface integrity was modified by the hard turning, with a surface roughness lower than Ra 0.8 μm, decreased surface microhardness, fine and uniform surface microstructure, and dominant surface residual compressive stress. The hard turning process was feasible to strengthen the surface corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel. The better corrosion resistance of the surface layer than that of the substrate material can be ascribed to the uniform carbides and compact microstructure. The corrosion resistance varied with cutting speeds as a result of the changed surface microhardness and residual compressive stress, varied with feed rates as a result of the changed surface roughness, and varied with cutting depths as a result of the changed surface residual compressive stress, respectively. The surface integrity with smaller surface roughness and microhardness and bigger surface residual compressive stress was beneficial for corrosion resistance.

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Improving surface integrity and corrosion resistance of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy by cryogenic machining

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Performance Study of Cryo-Treated End Mill Via Wet, Cryogenic, and Hybrid Lubri-Coolant-Milling Induced Surface Integrity of Biocompatible Mg Alloy AZ91D

Performance Study of Cryo-Treated End Mill Via Wet, Cryogenic, and Hybrid Lubri-Coolant-Milling Induced Surface Integrity of Biocompatible Mg Alloy AZ91D

Review on Corrosion Characteristics of Porous Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Surface Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of 42CrMo4 High-Strength Steel Strengthened by Hard Turning

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