Improving suitability of urban canals and canalized rivers for transportation, thermal energy extraction and recreation in two European delta cities

Abstract

Canals and canalized rivers form a major part of surface water systems in European delta cities and societal ambitions to use these waters increase. This is the first assessment of how suitability of these waters can improve for three important uses: transportation, thermal energy extraction (TEE) and recreation. We assess suitability with Suitability Indices (SIs) and identify which alterations in the water system are needed to improve SI scores in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Ghent, Belgium. The results show spatial variability in suitability scores. Current suitability for transportation is low (SI score = 1) to excellent (SI score = 4), for TEE fair (SI score = 2) to excellent (SI score = 4), and suitability for recreation is low (SI score = 1). Suitability could improve by enlarging specific waterway dimensions, increasing discharge and clarity, and by enhancing microbiological water quality. The same methodology can be applied to optimize designs for new water bodies and for more water uses.

Planning, Optimization and Development of River Transportation in Supporting The Development of Mega City IKN, Balikpapan and Samarinda

“…Apart from reaching the IKN, Balikpapan and Samarinda areas, river transportation can also reduce congestion due to the transportation of goods and passengers on road infrastructure. River transportation can function as the main route for goods transportation [1] [5] [3][6] [7]. River transportation is able to distribute goods, especially logistics goods in the form of food products from inside and outside the IKN area.…”