2021
DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100281
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Improving SERS bioimaging of subcutaneous phantom in vivo with optical clearing

Abstract: Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has proven to be a promising technique for different types of imaging including preoperative and intraoperative in vivo tumor visualization. However, the strong scattering of the turbid tissue limits its use in subcutaneous areas. In this article, we used an optical clearing technique to improve the SERS signal from a subcutaneous tumor phantom. The phantom is a 2 mm sphere of calcium alginate with incorporated petal‐like gap‐enhanced Raman tags. The use of optical clea… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 44 publications
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“…Other improvements for SERS probes include the application of nanorods, 173–175 nanostars, 176–178 nanoflowers, 179 and core‐shell nanostructures 180–183 . Improving the quality of SERS in vivo imaging by optical clearing is also an acceptable option 184,185 . Since visible light is scattered or absorbed in large amounts, 155 limiting its penetration into the tissue and thus poor imaging, most early SERS detection was based on the first window of NIR with wavelengths of 650–900 nm, mostly 785 nm.…”
Section: Sers‐based Biosensingmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Other improvements for SERS probes include the application of nanorods, 173–175 nanostars, 176–178 nanoflowers, 179 and core‐shell nanostructures 180–183 . Improving the quality of SERS in vivo imaging by optical clearing is also an acceptable option 184,185 . Since visible light is scattered or absorbed in large amounts, 155 limiting its penetration into the tissue and thus poor imaging, most early SERS detection was based on the first window of NIR with wavelengths of 650–900 nm, mostly 785 nm.…”
Section: Sers‐based Biosensingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[180][181][182][183] Improving the quality of SERS in vivo imaging by optical clearing is also an acceptable option. 184,185 Since visible light is scattered or absorbed in large amounts, 155 limiting its penetration into the tissue and thus poor imaging, most early SERS detection was based on the first window of NIR with wavelengths of 650-900 nm, mostly 785 nm. Although the first window of NIR provides more excellent tissue penetration than the visible wavelength, the second window of NIR actually has further reduced scattering, absorption, and background noise compared to the first window due to the longer wavelength.…”
Section: In Vivo Diagnosis and Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2(d) . Skin optical clearing also improved Raman spectroscopy to detect stronger and deeper Raman peaks of skin 68 and assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging in identifying the shape and boundary of the tumor phantom more accurately, 69 , 70 which would help determine the location of tumors and the presence of metastases. In addition, skin optical clearing increased detection sensitivity of circulating cells by flow cytometry 71 , 72 and improved the signal intensity and imaging depth of laser confocal microscopy when detecting monocytes in mice footpads, 31 as shown in Fig.…”
Section: In Vivo Skin Optical Clearing For Improvement Of Im...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, we encounter two opposite demands: (1) to make the light irradiation as safe as possible for healthy organs and (2) to deliver the desired light power to targeted PPT sites. The possible solutions are the use of appropriate light waveguides and optical clearing techniques [268][269][270][271].…”
Section: Perspective and Limitationsmentioning
confidence: 99%