“…In other cases, videos were used to assess students' skills, such as communication skills (Kiehl et al 2014;Roshier, Foster, and Jones 2011), patient encounters (Epstein 2007), technical skills (Bowles et al 2014;Dunne 2015), self-assessment (Framp, Downer, and Layh 2015;Vara et al 2016), feedback (Perron et al 2016) and decision-making (Webb et al 2012). In these cases, the videos were either pre-recorded cases that were used repeatedly, or the students were recorded and assessed (Bowles et al 2014;Nyström et al 2014;Webb et al 2012).…”