Improving Policing: A Problem-Oriented Approach

Goldstein, Herman

doi:10.1177/001112877902500207

Cited by 629 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

371

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They were not tasked to problem-solve (Goldstein 1979) or to conduct community policing in the classic sense (e.g., Skogan and Hartnett 1997) or to conduct patrols targeted on any particular social or crime problem (e.g., McGarrell et al 2002;Sherman and Rogan 1995a, b). The aim was to deter crime through their signals of police authority: the symbolic representation of power which the PCSOs carried, with uniforms and a two-way radio.…”

Section: Pcso Activities In Hot Spotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives To determine whether crime-reduction effects of increased police patrols in hot spots are dependent on the Bhard^threat of immediate physical arrest, or whether Bsoft^patrols by civilian (but uniformed) police staff with few arrest powers and no weapons can also reduce crime. We also sought to assess whether the number of discrete patrol visits to a hot spot was more or less important than the total minutes of police presence across all visits, and whether effects based on counts of crime would be consistent with effects on a Crime Harm Index outcome. Methods We randomly assigned 72 hot spots into 34 treatment units and 38 controls. Treatment consisted of increases in foot patrol by uniformed, unarmed, Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) who carry no weapons and hold few arrest powers beyond those of ordinary citizens. GPS-trackers on every PCSO and Constable in the city yielded precise measurements of all patrol time in all hot spots. Standardized mean differences (Cohen's d), OLS regression model, and Weighted Displacement Quotient are used to assess main effects, to model the interaction effect of GPS data with treatment, and to measure the diffusion-of-benefits of the intervention, respectively. Outcomes included counts of incidents as well as the Cambridge Crime Harm Index. Results As intended, patrol visits and minutes by Police Constables were equal across the treatment and control groups. The sole difference in policing between the treatments groups was in visits to the hot spots by PCSOs, in both the mean daily frequency of discrete visits (T = 4.65, C = 2.66; p ≤ .001) and total minutes across all visits (T = 37.41, J Exp Criminol (2016) 12:277-317 DOI 10.1007/s11292-016-9260-

show abstract

Section: Pcso Activities In Hot Spotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Goldstein argues that police put too much effort on the organization of department than crime problems they have to solve (Goldstein, 1979). He argues that police should be proactive, rather than reactive; and pay more attention on problems, as opposed to incidents (Goldstein, 1990).…”

Section: Problem Oriented Policingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paradigm shift in policing: Crime reduction through problem oriented policing

Özkan¹

2016

HumanSciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The opportunity theories of crime regards opportunity as a root cause and focus attention on the crime rather than the criminal. In the practical crime prevention efforts, this theoretical framework paved the way for innovative policing strategies like problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention. Policy makers and practitioners accept the motivated offender as given and gather the efforts to prevent offenders accessing sufficient means and opportunities for a crime to occur. This paper describes the link between opportunity theories of crime and successful crime reduction efforts stemmed from them. It entails problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques. Crime is not evenly distributed. It concentrates differently on places, offenders and persons. This paper then describes the fundamental discussion of crime distribution on hot places, targets, products, offenders and victims. Major works and findings in the field of environmental criminology is presented by describing hot spots and crime distribution, and crime patterns. The paper finally presents an evaluation of these approaches.

show abstract

“…Problem-oriented Policing A second approach being applied to understanding and addressing complex gang violence problems is problem-oriented policing (POP) (Braga, 2008) which involves the identification of why things are going wrong and then draws upon a range of non-traditional responses to address the problem (Goldstein, 1979). One way in which this approach has been implemented in the prevention and control of gang and group-involved violence is the focused deterrence strategy (Tillyer and Kennedy, 2008), also referred to as "pulling levers policing" (Kennedy, 2008).…”

Section: Public Health Violence and Wellbeing 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health, youth violence, and perpetrator well-being.

Neville

Goodall

Gavine

et al. 2015

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Youth violence poses a significant public health issue due to its health antecedents (e.g. health inequalities, mental health issues, alcohol misuse) and consequences (i.e. physical and psychological morbidity, and mortality). While violence and its desistance have traditionally been the purview of the criminal justice system, the importance of a preventative public health approach has been increasingly acknowledged. The public health approach employs scientific methods, seeks to intervene at multiple levels (primary, secondary and tertiary), and advocates for the involvement of multidisciplinary stakeholders. This paper outlines the public health approach to youth violence; discusses examples of current public health research into youth violence prevention (i.e. school-based interventions, and gang interventions); and provides a brief review of the evidence regarding youth violence perpetrators and well-being, which suggests mixed outcomes (positive and negative) depending upon intentionality of violence, and congruency with group norms. The paper concludes by highlighting future research directions.PUBLIC HEALTH, VIOLENCE AND WELLBEING 3

show abstract

Improving Policing: A Problem-Oriented Approach

Cited by 629 publications

References 0 publications

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

A paradigm shift in policing: Crime reduction through problem oriented policing

Public health, youth violence, and perpetrator well-being.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About