Improving performance of Pneumo-4 vaccine using montanide oil

El-Bagoury, Gabr; El-Habbaa, Ayman; El-Sayed, E. L.; El-Aziz, Manal Abd

doi:10.21608/bvmj.2017.30479

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The result of our study was also in agreement with El-Bagoury et al [ 32 ] who found that protective neutralizing serum antibody titer started at the first month post-vaccination with a mean serum-neutralizing antibody titer of 1.7 log 10 for serotype “A/Egypt/2006”, and 1.6 log 10 for serotype “O1/3/93” FMD virus, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Humoral Immune Response in Calves Vaccinated with Monovalent Vaccines or a Trivalent Combination Thereof and Matching of These Vaccines to the Selected Circulating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Ethiopia

Woldemariyam,

Negessu,

Bilata

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic, highly contagious, and devastating disease of livestock production in Ethiopia. Control of this disease relies mainly on prophylactic vaccination by willing farmers without a countrywide vaccination program. The objectives of this study were to quantify the humoral immune response and evaluation of the serological relationship of the vaccine strain used with representative field strain isolates. This was performed by primo vaccination of 6–9-month-old Holstein Friesian calves (35 treatment and 4 control calves) on day one and booster vaccination on day 28. Calves were vaccinated using the locally available National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu, Ethiopia, inactivated aluminum hydroxide adjuvant monovalent (either O, A, SAT-2 alone) or trivalent (combination of A, O, SAT-2) vaccine (A/ETH/6/2000 (G-VII, O/ETH/38/2005(EA-3) and SAT-2/ETH/64/2009(XIII)). A 2 mL or 4 mL dose was used to vaccinate all calves except the animals that served as a control. In the case of the trivalent vaccine, a 4 mL dose was used to vaccinate calves. The serum was collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.). The humoral immune response was quantified by the solid-phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SPC ELISA) and the virus-neutralization test (VNT). The serological relationship of heterologous and homologous viruses was also evaluated by adjuvant vaccine matching tests. The r1-value was determined using serum collected 21 d.p.v. An increase in immune response was observed from 7 d.p.v. to 28 d.p.v. in calves who received a 4 mL dose containing a 107.24 antigen load of 100 tissue culture infective dose (100TCID50) virus titer in the formulation. Upon receiving a booster dose on day 28, the humoral immune response was checked on the 56th day post-initial vaccination. Amounts of 54%, 72%, 79%, and 72% of inhibition for A, O, SAT-2, and trivalent vaccine in the three serotypes SPCE, respectively, was measured. Here, it was found that the immune response of calves increased from day 7 to 56, as evidenced by SPCE analysis. Likewise, an increase in antibody titer measured by a one-dimensional virus neutralization assay was also in line with SPCE analysis. This indicates that the vaccine is capable of inducing a neutralizing antibody that confers a protective immune response in 70%, 62%, and 100% heterologous field strains of A, O, and SAT-2 isolates, respectively, and has an average antigenic relationship of >0.3 with a standard deviation of +0.05 (N = 3) to the vaccine strains A/ETH/6/2000, O/ETH/38/2005 and SAT-2/ETH/64/2009, respectively, when using the one-dimensional virus neutralization test. The contribution and importance of this study is a confirmation of the vaccine and the field strain serological relationship for serotype SAT-2 strain and further research/change of vaccination strategy/ improvement in the currently used vaccine to cover a wide range of prevailing genotypes/lineages and induction of sound immune response after vaccination for serotype A and O strain. This study suggests that the trivalent vaccine produced by the National Veterinary Institute containing viral isolates from serotype O, A, and SAT-2 has a good serological relationship with the majority of circulating field strains in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Humoral Immune Response in Calves Vaccinated with Monovalent Vaccines or a Trivalent Combination Thereof and Matching of These Vaccines to the Selected Circulating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Ethiopia

Woldemariyam,

Negessu,

Bilata

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…In these studies, the trivalent inactivated vaccine consisting of O, A, and SAT2 was used during efficacy testing. On the other hand, vaccine efficacy trial against A and O FMDV serotype was employed in three studies ( 31 , 32 ) in Egypt and ( 33 ) in South Africa despites the field strains are (O, A, and SAT2) and SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3 FMDV serotypes, respectively, in these regions. In some studies in Egypt ( 26 , 34 , 35 ) vaccine efficacy evaluation was conducted against O serotype.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wubshet,

Werid,

Teklue

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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BackgroundSeveral factors, such as diverse serotypes, vaccination methods, weak biosecurity, and animal movements, contribute to recurrent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) outbreaks in Africa, establishing endemicity. These outbreaks cost over $2 billion annually, prompting a high-priority focus on FMDV vaccination. Despite extensive efforts, vaccine efficacy varies. This study aims to evaluate routine foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in Africa via systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of FMDV vaccination using the meta for package of R.ResultsVaccinated animals have roughly a 69.3% lower chance of FMDV infection compared to unvaccinated animals, as indicated by the pooled results from the random-effects model, which showed a risk ratio (RR) of 0.3073. There was a statistically significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05) across all of the included articles.ConclusionOverall findings suggest that if properly planned and implemented, FMDV vaccination programs and strategies in Africa could help control the spread of the disease throughout the continent and beyond.

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“…These results indicate that to maintain the coverage of protection in vaccinated animals, a revaccination course for calves must be included irrespective of the vaccine serotype consistent with previous field-based and experimental observations [ 17 , 31 ].Others using different FMDV vaccines have shown a longer duration of immunity with higher ELISA titers at 180 days ( [ 32 , 33 ] including high ELISA values above log 10 1.5 at 9 months [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease vaccination of animals in the buffer zone of the Republic of Armenia in 2016–2020

Kharatyan,

Sargsyan,

Elbakyan

et al. 2023

BMC Vet Res

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Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a high impact viral disease of livestock for which vaccines are extensively used for limiting the spread of infection. Armenia shares a border with both Turkey and Iran where FMD is endemic, making vaccination an important component of Armenia’s control strategy. Additionally, Armenian veterinary services utilize both passive and active monitoring for prevention control. Methods We sought to determine the immune status of animals vaccinated against FMD and to evaluate the effectiveness of our vaccination policy in Armenia. This was conducted in three regions including Shirak, Armavir, and Ararat Region which are located in the buffer zones that border Turkey and Iran. Through active monitoring in 2020, we studied blood serum samples from cattle and sheep using an enzyme immunoassay to determine the level of immune animals in these regions following the use of a polyvalent inactivated vaccine containing FMDV serotypes A, O, and Asia-1 that are relevant for this region. ELISA titers were assessed at 28, 90, and 180 days after vaccination in cattle of three age groups at the time of initial vaccination: 4–6 months, 6–18 months and ≥ 24 months of age with sheep of all ages. Results The 3 age groups of cattle had similarly high levels of immunity with over 90% of the cattle showing a ≥ 50% protective titer 28 days after the first vaccination. By day 90, titers in cattle from the initial 4–18-month age groups dropped below 58% across the 3 serotypes and at or below 80% for the oldest cattle ≥ 24 months. Re-vaccination of cattle at 120 days did improve protective titers but never reached the level of immunity of the first vaccination. Sheep showed a similar rapid drop to less than 50% having a ≥ 50% protective titer at 90 days emphasizing the need for continual revaccination. Conclusions The results of this study have important implications for the current FMD vaccine policy in Armenia and improves our understanding of the rapid loss of protective titers over short periods. Since small ruminants are only vaccinated once per year and vaccination titers drop rapidly by 90 days suggests that they are vulnerable to FMD and that vaccination protocols need to be updated. Cattle should continue to be vaccinated every 3–6 months depending on their age to maintain a protective level of antibodies to protect them from FMD. More studies are needed to understand the possible role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of FMD and to evaluate revaccination at shorter intervals. These results show the concerns of rapid loss of protection to both cattle and small ruminants following 1 or more doses of commercial vaccines and that additional vaccines need to be evaluated in both groups to know how often they must be vaccinated to provide full protection. The addition of challenge studies should also be considered to better understand the level of protection as measured by serology and how it relates to protection from challenge. These results should be considered by anyone using these vaccines in cattle and sheep at longer than 3 month intervals.

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Improving performance of Pneumo-4 vaccine using montanide oil

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Humoral Immune Response in Calves Vaccinated with Monovalent Vaccines or a Trivalent Combination Thereof and Matching of These Vaccines to the Selected Circulating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Ethiopia

Humoral Immune Response in Calves Vaccinated with Monovalent Vaccines or a Trivalent Combination Thereof and Matching of These Vaccines to the Selected Circulating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Ethiopia

Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Evaluation of the effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease vaccination of animals in the buffer zone of the Republic of Armenia in 2016–2020

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