Improving Oxidative Stability of Skin‐Care Emulsions with Antioxidant Extracts from Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus

Abstract

Skin-care products are known delivery systems of functional lipids that can enhance the natural defense of skin. Unsaturated lipids, e.g., linoleic acids, are more susceptible to lipid oxidation than saturated lipids. Therefore, lipid oxidation must be prevented to preserve the functionality of the unsaturated lipids in skin-care products. The antioxidant properties of two Fucus vesiculosus extracts (water extract [WE] and 80% [v/v] ethanol extract [EE]) were evaluated. Both extracts had high in vitro antioxidant properties and a high phenolic content. The antioxidant efficacy of the extracts was evaluated by addition of 0.05% and 0.1% (w/w) freeze-dried extracts to facial cream formulations. The cream was stored up to 42 days (dark, 20 C) and the oxidative stability was determined by following tocopherol consumption and development in peroxides and secondary oxidation products. The results showed that EE was able to reduce the peroxide oxidation rate from 84.8% (control without extract) to 41.3%. Furthermore, a higher efficacy was observed for EE over WE. This was most likely related to higher phenolic content, high radicalscavenging activity, and moderate metal-chelating ability. However, WE indicated regeneration of tocopherols by amphiphilic polyphenolic phlorotannins, with interfacial properties. The results show that F. vesiculosus extracts rich in antioxidative phlorotannins can play an important role in reducing lipid oxidation and maintaining the quality of cream.

Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Constituents from Endemic Brown Macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh from the Adriatic Sea and Targeted Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo (Zebrafish Model)

“…In comparison, other studies evaluating antioxidant activity based on total phenolic content by F-C assay of the genus Fucus reported the values of 80.70 and 75.96 mg/g GAE for methanolic and ethanolic extracts from F. serratus [ 50 ]. Total phenolic content for F. vesiculosus was 2.50 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw) for the extract obtained in 60% methanol [ 51 ], while a significantly higher value of 165 mg GAE/g dw was obtained in 80% ethanol extract [ 52 ]. Different results regarding polyphenolic content within genus Fucus indicate that the diverse chemical composition of each species is dependent on location and climate conditions, but also on the possible interaction of present nonphenolic compounds with F-C reagent.…”

Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

“…Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 summarize the results of studies on phenolic potential of different brown algae species of different geographical origin: Algeria [39], Australia [28,40,41,42], Brazil [43], China [44,45], Denmark [46], France [47,48,49,50], Iceland [51], India [12,37], Iran [52], Ireland [53,54,55,56,57,58], Japan [59,60,61,62], Korea [63], Lebanon [64], Malaysia [65,66,67], New Zealand [42], Portugal [50], South Korea [68], Spain [69,70,71,72,73], Thailand [74,75], and Tunisia [4,76,77]. The investigated species belong to different orders: Desmarestiales (1 species), Dictyotales (12 species), Ectocarpales (1 species), Fucales (42 species), Laminariales (14 species), Sphacelariales (3 species), and Tilopteridales (1 species).…”

“…(124.65 mg GAE/g) [28]. In the order Fucales (Table 2) the most investigated species were Ascophyllum nodosum [51,56,58,83], Fucus serratus [48,51,55,69], Fucus vesiculosus [46,47,51,55,84], and Himanthalia elongata [53,54,61,72]. The reported species were also the richest in phenolics: 159 mg PGE/g (51) and 1.4 mg GAE/g dw [83] in Ascophyllum nodosum , 240 mg PGE/g [51] and 81.93 mg GAE/g [57] in Fucus serratus and 277 mg PGE/g [47] and 165 mg GAE/g dw [48].…”

Optimization of phenolic antioxidants extraction from Fucus vesiculosus by pressurized liquid extraction

“…Harvesting of this species has been done exclusively at the Atlantic coast of Ireland and France, while its cultivation is still in experimental stage (Meichssner et al 2020). This species contains high amounts of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, with content varying from <0.4-12.2% of dry weight gallic acid equivalent (GAE) (Holdt and Kraan 2011;Hermund et al 2018;Ummat et al 2020).…”