Improving overall health of children living with HIV through an oral health intervention in Cambodia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Kikuchi, Kimiyo; Yasuoka, Junko; Tuot, Sovannary; Yem, Sokunthea; Chhoun, Pheak; Okawa, Sumiyo; Murayama, Makoto; Huot, Chantheany; Yi, Siyan

doi:10.1186/s13063-018-3047-z

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(23 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The sample size for children was calculated based on the number required for the following intervention phase. The sample size set in the study protocol was calculated according to the decayed, missing, or lled permanent teeth (DMFT) score collected in a previous survey among 8-15year-old children living with HIV [17]. However, after the completion of the baseline survey among the 3-15-year-old children, we obtained accurate DMFT scores for the study population.…”

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries in association with viral load in children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a cross-sectional study

Kikuchi¹,

Yasuoka

Tuot³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Oral health status is known to be associated with overall health among people living with HIV. However, it is unclear whether dental caries is associated with viral load among this population. In particular, dental caries among children living with HIV needs to be better understood, as this can affect their overall health and future well-being. This study assessed the association between dental caries and viral load among children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Paediatric Hospital as a baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial. The study population included children living with HIV aged 3–15 years and their primary caregivers. We collected data on the children’s oral health status by oral examination and the latest HIV viral load data stored in the patients’ information system at the hospital. We also conducted a questionnaire-based interview of the children and their primary caregivers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between dental caries and viral load. The cut-off point for undetectable viral load was set at <40 copies/mL.Results: Data from 328 children were included in the analysis; 68.3% had an undetectable viral load. The mean number of permanent or deciduous teeth with caries was 7.7 (standard deviation, 5.0). In the regression analysis, dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth was positively associated with detectable viral load (adjusted odds ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.14). Conversely, antiretroviral therapy of ≥1 year and self-reported better adherence to antiretroviral drugs were negatively associated with detectable viral load. Among children with detectable viral load, dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth was also positively associated with non-suppression of viral load (>1000 copies/mL) (adjusted odds ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.23).Conclusions: Dental caries was associated with viral load status detection among children living with HIV. This finding suggests that oral health status may affect the immune status of children. The oral health of children living with HIV should be strengthened, and further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between viral load and oral health status.

show abstract

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries in association with viral load in children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a cross-sectional study

Kikuchi¹,

Yasuoka

Tuot³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 as a baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial, which has been conducted to examine the effectiveness of a daily oral care intervention on the health status of children living with HIV [19]. The study site was within the catchment area of the National Pediatric Hospital, which is the only health facility providing pediatric ART in Phnom Penh.…”

Section: Study Design and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of the participants of the randomized controlled trial, only school-age children infected with HIV were included in this study. The multiple-step recruitment process of the randomized controlled trial has been described in a recent paper [19]. Briefly, children 3 to 15 years of age living with HIV were identified from patient lists of the National Pediatric Hospital.…”

Section: Study Population and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status and dietary diversity of school-age children living with HIV: a cross sectional study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Yasuoka¹,

Okawa

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern for children. Each day, worldwide, approximately 440 children became newly infected with HIV, and 270 children died from AIDS-related causes in 2018. Poor nutrition has been associated with accelerated disease progression, and sufficient dietary diversity is considered a key to improve children’s nutritional status. Therefore, this study aims to 1) examine nutritional status of school-age children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and 2) identify factors associated with their nutritional status, especially taking their dietary diversity into consideration.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 within the catchment area of the National Pediatric Hospital, Cambodia. Data from 298 children and their caregivers were included in the analyses. Using semi-structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and dietary diversity. To assess children’s nutritional status, body weight and height were measured. Viral load and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with stunting and wasting.Results: Of 298 children, nearly half (46.6%) were stunted, and 13.1% were wasted. The mean number of food groups consumed by the children in the past 24 hours was 4.6 out of 7 groups. Factors associated with children’s stunting were age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.166, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.151, 4.077), household wealth (AOR 0.543, 95%CI: 0.299, 0.986), duration of receiving ART (AOR 0.510, 95%CI: 0.267, 0.974), and having disease symptoms during the past one year (AOR 1.871, 95%CI: 1.005, 3.480). The only factor associated with wasting was being male (AOR 5.304, 95%CI: 2.210, 12.728).Conclusions: Prevalence of stunting was more than double that of non-infected school-age children living in urban areas in Cambodia. This highlights the importance of conducting nutritional intervention programs, especially tailored for children living with HIV in the country. Although dietary diversity was not significantly associated with children’s nutritional status in this study, the findings will contribute to implementing future nutritional interventions more efficiently by indicating children who are most in need of such interventions in Cambodia.

show abstract

“…Out of the participants of the randomized controlled trial, only school-age children infected with HIV were included in this study. The multiple-step recruitment process of the randomized controlled trial has been described in a recent paper [25]. Brie y, children 3 to 15 years of age living with HIV were identi ed from patient lists of the National Pediatric Hospital.…”

Section: Study Population and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status and dietary diversity of school-age children living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Yasuoka¹,

Okawa

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern for children. Each day, worldwide, approximately 440 children became newly infected with HIV, and 270 children died from AIDS-related causes in 2018. Poor nutrition has been associated with accelerated disease progression, and sufficient dietary diversity is considered a key to improve children’s nutritional status. Therefore, this study aims to 1) examine nutritional status of school-age children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and 2) identify factors associated with their nutritional status, especially taking their dietary diversity into consideration. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 within the catchment area of the National Pediatric Hospital, Cambodia. Data from 298 children and their caregivers were included in the analyses. Using semi-structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and dietary diversity. To assess children’s nutritional status, body weight and height were measured. Viral load and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with stunting and wasting. Results: Of 298 children, nearly half (46.6%) were stunted, and 13.1% were wasted. The mean number of food groups consumed by the children in the past 24 hours was 4.6 out of 7 groups. Factors associated with children’s stunting were age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.166, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.151, 4.077), household wealth (AOR 0.543, 95%CI: 0.299, 0.986), duration of receiving ART (AOR 0.510, 95%CI: 0.267, 0.974), and having disease symptoms during the past one year (AOR 1.871, 95%CI: 1.005, 3.480). The only factor associated with wasting was being male (AOR 5.304, 95%CI: 2.210, 12.728). Conclusions: Prevalence of stunting was more than double that of non-infected school-age children living in urban areas in Cambodia. This highlights the importance of conducting nutritional intervention programs, especially tailored for children living with HIV in the country. Although dietary diversity was not significantly associated with children’s nutritional status in this study, the findings will contribute to implementing future nutritional interventions more efficiently by indicating children who are most in need of such interventions in Cambodia.

show abstract

Improving overall health of children living with HIV through an oral health intervention in Cambodia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Dental caries in association with viral load in children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a cross-sectional study

Dental caries in association with viral load in children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a cross-sectional study

Nutritional status and dietary diversity of school-age children living with HIV: a cross sectional study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Nutritional status and dietary diversity of school-age children living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About