This chapter summarizes the basic science of radiofrequency (RF) and its application in aesthetic medicine. The main parameters of RF including RF frequency, waveform, power, pulse duration, and penetration depth are described, and its application for treatment is analyzed. Monopolar and bipolar devices are described in detail for different clinical applications. The effect of RF electrode geometry on tissue heating is shown, and tissue-specific electrical parameters are summarized. The chapter discusses which RF parameters are required to reach therapeutic temperatures for tissue ablation, coagulation, or subnecrotic heating. RF parameters used for noninvasive, minimally invasive, and fractional treatment are compared. Finally, the chapter explains the main safety concerns associated with RF treatments and details the most common causes of adverse events.The term radiofrequency (RF) was first introduced with the invention of radio and was applied to electromagnetic radiation or current ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz. Since then, the field of medicine has used the relatively narrow band of this spectrum from 200 kHz to 40 MHz in many different applications. The main advantage of RF energy in medicine is a low or negligible reaction of nerves to high-frequency alternating current (AC) in comparison to lower frequencies.William T. Bovie invented the first electrosurgical device while working at Harvard [1]. This device was used by Dr. Harvey Williams Cushing on October 1, 1926, at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Mass., to remove a tissue mass from a patient's head [2]. Since then, RF electrosurgical devices have become one of the most useful surgical instruments. Recently, RF has experienced a resurgence in aesthetic medicine with applications for ablative and nonablative applications. RF energy has become an