Improving Multisensory User Experience Through Olfactory Stimuli

Bordegoni, Monica; Carulli, Marina; Ferrise, Francesco

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02209-9_13

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In this case, the scented air was released near the nose of the user to increase the sense of presence in a multisensory VR experience but was not studied with regard to its spatial features. Indeed, while there is a growing interest in designing wearable olfactory interfaces (e.g., Amores and Maes, 2017;Amores et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2020), and enriching user experiences with olfactory stimuli (Bordegoni et al, 2019;Micaroni et al, 2019), the study of smell in relation to its spatial features is still limited (e.g., Kim and Ando, 2010;Shaw et al, 2019;Maggioni et al, 2020).…”

Section: Technology Advances To Enable the Study Of Spatial Attention With Smellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, VaiR (Rietzler et al, 2017) and Head Mounted Wind (Cardin et al, 2007) are both extending the VR headset with wind and thermal stimuli, while Season Traveler (Ranasinghe et al, 2018) also integrates olfactory stimuli to increase the sense of the presence of users in a multisensory VR experience. While there is a growing interest in exploring the potentials around smell in VR to enrich user experiences with olfactory stimuli (Carulli et al, 2018;Risso et al, 2018;Bordegoni et al, 2019) and in designing wearable olfactory interfaces [e.g., Wang et al (2020), Amores and Maes (2017), and Amores et al (2018)], the study of smell in relation to its spatial features is still limited, [e.g., Maggioni et al (2020), Shaw et al (2019), and Kim and Ando (2010)]. Hence, here we specifically investigated the effect of smell presented under unimodal and multimodal conditions for catching the attention of users during a visual exploration task in VR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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May I Smell Your Attention: Exploration of Smell and Sound for Visuospatial Attention in Virtual Reality

et al. 2021

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When interacting with technology, attention is mainly driven by audiovisual and increasingly haptic stimulation. Olfactory stimuli are widely neglected, although the sense of smell influences many of our daily life choices, affects our behavior, and can catch and direct our attention. In this study, we investigated the effect of smell and sound on visuospatial attention in a virtual environment. We implemented the Bells Test, an established neuropsychological test to assess attentional and visuospatial disorders, in virtual reality (VR). We conducted an experiment with 24 participants comparing the performance of users under three experimental conditions (smell, sound, and smell and sound). The results show that multisensory stimuli play a key role in driving the attention of the participants and highlight asymmetries in directing spatial attention. We discuss the relevance of the results within and beyond human-computer interaction (HCI), particularly with regard to the opportunity of using VR for rehabilitation and assessment procedures for patients with spatial attention deficits.

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Section: Technology Advances To Enable the Study Of Spatial Attention With Smellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

May I Smell Your Attention: Exploration of Smell and Sound for Visuospatial Attention in Virtual Reality

et al. 2021

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“…Also, it has been shown that odors can influence shopping behavior in retail environments (Chebat and Michon 2003;Doucé and Janssens 2013) and littering behavior in public environments (de Lange et al 2012). It has also been found that the addition of an olfactory channel to digital communication and information systems can reduce the user's cognitive workload, enhance the quality of the multisensory user experiences, and induce a desired behavior (for a review see Bordegoni et al 2019). All these findings have recently spurred an increased interest in the digitization of olfactory information for applications in humancomputer interaction (HCI: Bao and Yamanaka 2016;Kaye 2004) and mulsemedia (multiple sensorial media: Ghinea et al 2014;Saleme et al 2019).…”

Section: Odors and Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation Between Valence and Arousal in Subjective Odor Experience

Toet¹,

Eijsman

Liu

et al. 2019

Chem. Percept.

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IntroductionThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the overall relation between the mean (at the nomothetic or group level) subjective valence and arousal ratings for odors. Although well established in other sensory modalities (e.g., visual, auditory, gustatory, tactile), this relation has not previously been investigated for odors covering a large range of the valence dimension. In addition, we evaluated the EmojiGrid (a recently introduced intuitive graphical affective self-report tool) for the affective appraisal of odors. Methods Young and healthy participants (N = 56, 32 females) used the EmojiGrid to rate the perceived valence and arousal for 40 different and randomly presented odors, ranging in valence from unpleasant to pleasant. ResultsThe overall relation between mean valence and arousal can be described by a U-shaped (quadratic) form; odors scoring near neutral on mean valence have the lowest mean arousal ratings, while odors scoring either high (pleasant) or low (unpleasant) on mean valence show higher mean arousal ratings. The results for odors that were also used in previous studies in the literature agree with their earlier reported values. Conclusion Mean arousal ratings increase with (positive or negative) emotional valence. Participants intuitively used the EmojiGrid to report their affective appraisal of odors without any verbal labels or written instructions. Implications The current findings are relevant for various applications and environments (e.g., public, retail, entertainment) where odors are used to induce desired emotional states (e.g., relaxation, arousal) and behaviors. The EmojiGrid can efficiently be applied to assess whether specific odors evoke the desired subjective affective experiences.

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