Improving mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured AA2196 Al–Li alloy by controlling solidification defects

Xue, Chengpeng; Zhang, Yuxuan; Mao, Pengcheng; Liu, Changmeng; Guo, Yueling; Qian, Feng; Zhang, Chi; Liu, Keli; Zhang, Mingshan; Tang, Siu Wa; Wang, Junsheng

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102019

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While the actual distribution of defect sizes and their locations is a complex function of the additive manufacturing process parameters [7][8][9] , it is not yet possible to eliminate them completely during processing, even post-processing methods, such as hot isostatic pressing (HIPping), may not fully close them up [10] . The existence of such defects limits the use of AM materials in structural applications where good fatigue performance is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potency of defects on fatigue of additively manufactured metals

Peng

Qian

et al. 2022

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potency of defects on fatigue of additively manufactured metals

Peng

Qian

et al. 2022

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The cluster of porosity at the interlayer boundaries leads to a high density of porous medium. [ 24 ] The equivalent diameter of each defect was calculated from the total volume of defect, which was used for the calculation of maximum defect sizes in both regions while 3D morphology was characterized by sphericity and volume of defect. Equation (3) and (4) are used to calculate the equivalent diameter ( Deq ) and sphericity ( S ) of defects, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Characterization of Internal Defects in Medium Carbon Steel via X‐Ray Computed Tomography

Ali

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2022

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, the 3D characterization of internal defects in medium carbon steel with different soft reduction (SR) parameters is investigated, as regards its spatial morphology and size distribution using X‐ray computed tomography. The size of defects and their shape complexity increase from the equiaxed toward the center of the ingot, and the total number of defects is larger at the equiaxed region, which exhibits the aggregation and growth of small spherical pores into the large defects from equiaxed toward the center region. The two types of shrinkage defects, including island and net shrinkage, are identified. With the minimum reduction amount of 2 and 4 mm, the number and size of defects along with the carbon macrosegregation in the equiaxed region and center of the ingot are less as compared to the high reduction amount of 6 mm and without SR technology. The size of gas pores with sphericity >0.6 is <70 um with different reduction amounts and exceeds up to 150 um without SR. Therefore, minimum reduction amounts can easily regulate the internal defects in medium carbon steel.

show abstract

“…The beneficial composition of 2024 to suppress solidification cracking in WAAM was first reported by Fixter et al [31]. The Al-Li alloys 2196 and 2050 with high strength-to-weight ratio was successfully deposited by WAAM [136,137]. Artificial T6 treatment promoted formation of T1 Al 2 CuLi precipitates, which accounted for a tensile strength reaching 439 MPa.…”

Section: Other Alloys For Waammentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Deposition of feedstock wire by an electric arc implies a high-temperature melting cycle of the aluminum alloy. Element losses of volatile elements are well-documented for WAAM of aluminum, i.e., Mg, Zn and Li [58,136]. The degree of evaporation during the process must be well-understood, and an 'overalloying' strategy could be developed to account for the element loss.…”

Section: Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Processing of aluminum alloys by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) gained significant attention from industry and academia in the last decade. With the possibility to create large and relatively complex parts at low investment and operational expenses, WAAM is well-suited for implementation in a range of industries. The process nature involves fusion melting of a feedstock wire by an electric arc where metal droplets are strategically deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion to create the final shape. The inherent fusion and solidification characteristics in WAAM are governing several aspects of the final material, herein process-related defects such as porosity and cracking, microstructure, properties, and performance. Coupled to all mentioned aspects is the alloy composition, which at present is highly restricted for WAAM of aluminum but received considerable attention in later years. This review article describes common quality issues related to WAAM of aluminum, i.e., porosity, residual stresses, and cracking. Measures to combat these challenges are further outlined, with special attention to the alloy composition. The state-of-the-art of aluminum alloy selection and measures to further enhance the performance of aluminum WAAM materials are presented. Strategies for further development of new alloys are discussed, with attention on the importance of reducing crack susceptibility and grain refinement.

show abstract

Improving mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured AA2196 Al–Li alloy by controlling solidification defects

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

The potency of defects on fatigue of additively manufactured metals

The potency of defects on fatigue of additively manufactured metals

Spatial Characterization of Internal Defects in Medium Carbon Steel via X‐Ray Computed Tomography

Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About