Improving incomplete combustion and reducing engine-out emissions in reactivity controlled compression ignition engine fueled by ethanol

Fajri, H. R.; Mohebi, M.; Adibi-Asl, Hadi; Aziz, Azhar Abdul; Jazayeri, Seyed Ali

doi:10.1007/s13762-019-02328-0

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As a result, numerous researchers are working to solve these issues and lessen the harmful effects of these systems using various tactics such as the addition of alcohols such as ethanol 4 or the addition of nanoparticles to diesel fuel. Yusuf et al 5 examined the effects of blends of biodiesel and CeO 2 nanoparticles on organic compounds and gaseous emissions from diesel engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

El Nagy,

Mohamed

2024

Sci Rep

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Ecofriendly and stable Fuel Microemulsions based on renewable components were prepared through solubilizing ethanol in diesel and waste cooking oil blend (4:1). New diquaternary ammonium ionic liquids (3a & 3b) were synthesized through a quaternization reaction of the synthesized dihaloester with diethyl ethanolamine tridecantrioate and triethyl amine tridecantrioate, respectively. The chemical structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. It was observed from DLS analyses that the ethanol particles in all samples have sizes between 4.77 to 11.22 nm. The distribution becomes narrower with the decrease in the ionic liquid concentrations. The fuel properties fall within the ASTM D975 acceptable specifications and are close to the neat diesel properties. The Cetane index were 53 and 53.5, heating values were 38.5 and 38.5 MJ/kg, viscosities were 2.91 and 2.98 mm2/s, densities were 8.26 and 8.29 g/mL and flash points were 49 °C and 48 °C for 3a1 and 3b1 microemulsions, respectively. The particle sizes of samples were examined by DLS for 160 days and they were significantly stable. The amount of ethanol solubilized increases with the increase in the amount of the synthesized ionic liquids and cosurfactant. The combustion calculations pointed out that the microemulsions 3a1 and 3b1 need 13.07 kg air/kg fuel and 12.79 kg air/kg fuel, respectively, which are less than the air required to combust the pure diesel. According to theoretical combustion, using ionic liquids saves the air consumption required for combustion and reduces the quantities of combustion products. The prepared microemulsions were successfully used as a diesel substitute due to their improved combustion properties than pure diesel and low pollution levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

El Nagy,

Mohamed

2024

Sci Rep

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“…The International Energy Agency in 2017 reported that the global gasoline and diesel ICEs are growing up based on two different scenarios, firstly, up to 2045 based on the reference technology scenario and secondly, until 2030 based on the 2DS scenario, both indicate the importance of taking considerations in the current engines developments for future CO2 reduction [3]. More and more combustion strategies such as RCCI, HCCI, PCCI [4,5] as subparts of low-temperature combustion to dualfuel combustion [6] in addition to improvements in engine parts and calibrations such as in-cylinder size, piston shape, injector design, and fuel injection strategies have been and will be investigated in order to reduce fuel consumption and engine emission and therefore, to achieve CO2 reduction. Air/fuel mixture formation in diesel engines is a significant process influences engine performance and exhaust gas emission production, and accordingly, nozzle shapes, fuel properties, ambient and fuel pressures and temperatures, and spray propagation parameters including penetration length and cone angle are widely being studied to elucidate how mixture formation is affected and amended by these parameters [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Formation Analysis for Diesel, n-Dodecane, RME, and HVO in Large-Scale Injector Nozzles

Fajri¹,

Mallada²,

Riess³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Momentum conservation is a principle rule that affects the behaviour of vapour jet and liquid spray penetration. The air entrainment and mixture formation processes are dominated by the momentum transferred from the fuel to the ambient gas. Thus, it is a significant factor in the development of spray and jet penetration. This mixture formation process is well described for small-scale passenger car injectors; however, it has to be investigated in more detail for large-scale injector nozzles. The current work provides qualitative and quantitative results of spray and jet parameters in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVC). Two optical methods have been utilized to evaluate spray and jet details: Schlieren photography as a method to visualize the jet penetration and cone angle as well as Mie scattering for the phase change evaluation and the determination of liquid spray parameters. The temperature and pressure of inert gas and fuel inside a CVC are set to exemplify engine conditions. The chamber temperature is ranged between 873 to 973K, the chamber pressure is increased from 5 to 7 MPa and the injection pressure is changed between 50 to 150 MPa. Four fuels are selected in order to shed light upon the effects of fuel properties on spray and jet parameters. As a part of this evaluation, n-dodecane and two types of bio-diesel fuel generations, RME (1 st Generation) and HVO (2 nd Generation) are dissected to expand their influences on mixture formation, which can be connected to the emission production in diesel engines. Finally, two largescale injector nozzles with an outlet hole diameter of 300 µm (cylindrical and conical nozzles) cover the effects of geometry parameters on spray and jet development. The results accentuate the fact that the liquid spray parameters are effectively fuel-dependent, while total jet parameters are mostly affected by nozzle geometry. Liquid spray length is varied from n-dodecane as a low-boiling fuel to RME as a less-volatile fuel. The conical nozzle results in less cavitation, which is effectively influential on liquid spray and total jet penetrations.

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“…Even worse, with the increasing population, the global energy demand will increase by 36% by 2035, and the pollution that occurs throughout the production process would be at the forefront of privileged issues . As a bio-based, cost-effective, and renewable energy resource, ethanol is a promising alternative fuel due to its environment amity, low freezing point, high octane number, high heat of vaporization, and so on. − In addition, ethanol used as a fuel additive is very helpful for reducing combustion emissions such as greenhouse gases, toxic exhaust, and particulate matters. , Since 2006, the Chinese government has enforced the use of the blend of gasoline containing 10% ethanol by volume in several provinces and plans to promote this policy throughout the country by 2020. , On the other hand, the use of gasoline blended with ethanol is helpful for reducing soot emissions, improving combustion efficiency, and decreasing NO x emissions. − In addition, because of the similarities in cetane number and combustion characteristics, n -heptane is normally used as a surrogate for studying the ignition and combustion mechanism of fuels. − Under these circumstances, the binary system of ethanol (1) + n -heptane (2) is especially significant for the study of engine performance. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Acoustic Properties of (Ethanol + n-Heptane) Binary Mixtures from 293.35 to 433.89 K and up to 5.0 MPa

et al. 2020

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The experimental speeds of sound for the binary system of ethanol (1) + n-heptane (2) with the mole fractions of ethanol being (0.100, 0.300, 0.500, 0.700, and 0.900) were measured by Rayleigh-Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy at temperatures from 293.35 to 433.89 K along three isobaric lines from 0.1 to 5.0 MPa. The expanded relative uncertainty for the reported speed of sound is estimated to be 1.6% with the level of confidence of 0.95 (coverage factor k = 2). The experimental data were correlated as a function of temperature and pressure, yielding absolute average percentage deviations of 0.34, 0.20, 0.38, 0.28, and 0.29% for the mole fractions of ethanol being 0.100, 0.300, 0.500, 0.700, and 0.900, respectively. Within the temperature limits of 298.15−318.15 K, the derived thermo-acoustic properties for the binary system of ethanol (1) + n-heptane (2), including the density, the specific isobaric heat capacity, the isentropic compressibility, the isobaric thermal expansivity, the isothermal compressibility, the specific heat ratio, the internal pressure and the free volume at pressures up to 5.0 MPa, and the intermolecular free length under atmospheric pressure were calculated and analyzed.

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Improving incomplete combustion and reducing engine-out emissions in reactivity controlled compression ignition engine fueled by ethanol

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

Mixture Formation Analysis for Diesel, n-Dodecane, RME, and HVO in Large-Scale Injector Nozzles

Thermo-Acoustic Properties of (Ethanol + n-Heptane) Binary Mixtures from 293.35 to 433.89 K and up to 5.0 MPa

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