Improving hydrophobic and oleophobic performances of high-pressure laminates

Henriques, Ana; Almeida, Margarida; Paiva, Nádia; Ferra, João; Martins, Jorge; Carvalho, Luísa; Magalhães, Fernão D.

doi:10.1007/s00107-018-1357-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…MF resin was prepared as described in previous works, 9,14 using a 2 L glass reactor with stirring and temperature control, by condensation of melamine, and formaldehyde with a final formaldehyde/melamine (F/M) of 1.60-1.90. The condensation step was maintained until a water tolerance of 100-400% was attained.…”

Section: Resin Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Nowadays, in the synthesis of MF resin, the degree of condensation is evaluated as a function of the turbidity point (in the initial methylolation stage) and the water tolerance or hydrophobicity point (in the condensation stage). 9,10 Both parameters are related with the miscibility of the resin with water. 11,12 Although it is known in the resin manufacturing industry that changes in the raw materials can be compensated in some extension by adjusting the process parameters, much of this knowledge is empirical and not well addressed in scientific studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of condensation degree of melamine-formaldehyde resins on their curing behavior and on the final properties of high-pressure laminates

Santos

Pereira

Paiva³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Melamine-formaldehyde is the most common resin used in the production of high-pressure laminates and low-pressure laminates (melamine impregnated paper), due to its properties of durability, good fire, and heat resistance and good moisture resistance. High-pressure laminate is a common choice for horizontal and vertical applications in the construction and furniture industries, thanks to its durability and versatility. The manufacture of such laminates commonly starts with the impregnation of decorative and kraft papers with thermosetting resins and after a drying process, the impregnated paper sheets are bonded together by high pressure and temperature pressing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the melamine-formaldehyde resins condensation degree after synthesis on high-pressure laminates performance. For that purpose, melamine-formaldehyde resins with different condensation degree were synthetized and characterized. Fourier-transform infrared–attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to study the chemical and mechanical cure of melamine-formaldehyde resins. Melamine-formaldehyde condensation degree has shown to have influence on resin pot-life, on characteristic reaction temperatures, on the degree of cross-linking achieved, and finally on the surface quality of high-pressure laminates.

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Section: Resin Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of condensation degree of melamine-formaldehyde resins on their curing behavior and on the final properties of high-pressure laminates

Santos

Pereira

Paiva³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The fabrication of highly durable superhydrophobic MF-impregnated paper decorated laminate by embossing method

Tang,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Studies of the Cracking Behaviour of High-Pressure Laminates

Lukowsky

Meder²

2022

Applied Sciences

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The European standard EN 438-2 (2019) describes a method to assess the resistance to cracking of high-pressure laminate (HPL). In the EN 438-2 setup, the samples’ shrinkage at a temperature of 50 °C for 6 h is restrained by a metal clamp. The resulting tensile stress may lead to the cracking of the laminate. With the intention to gain additional insight into the parameters and influencing factors of the standard test, the resistance to cracking of 43 laminates was tested in accordance with the standard and with a prolonged testing time. Additionally, the tensile strength and shrinkage of the laminates were determined under the conditions of the standard test. The standard test uses free laminates (laminates not glued to a carrier board), so in order to correlate the results to applications that are close to real-life situations, four of the laminates were also tested when glued to carrier boards the size of furniture doors. In this full factorial test, particle board and gypsum board were used as carrier boards, UF and PVAc as adhesives, and the possible shrinkage of the laminates was adjusted by two moisture conditions of the laminates. The resistance to cracking in the standard test turned out to be mainly influenced by the composition of the laminate. Thin laminates with a pure paper backing were especially prone to cracking in the setup. Within the 6 h storage at 50 °C of the standard test, the laminates did not reach moisture equilibrium. Prolonged storage at 50 °C until equilibrium was reached (which took up to 10 days) allowed an improved differentiation of the cracking resistance, especially of thicker laminates. Four of the laminates were also tested on wooden and mineral-based carrier boards with either PVAc or UF as adhesive and two moisture contents of the laminates. The following parameters were identified as a critical combination for cracking: laminate with a low cracking resistance according to the EN 438-2 test in combination with a non-hygroscopic mineral-based carrier board, increased moisture of the laminate before being glued on the board, and the use of PVAc adhesive.

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Improving hydrophobic and oleophobic performances of high-pressure laminates

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of condensation degree of melamine-formaldehyde resins on their curing behavior and on the final properties of high-pressure laminates

Impact of condensation degree of melamine-formaldehyde resins on their curing behavior and on the final properties of high-pressure laminates

The fabrication of highly durable superhydrophobic MF-impregnated paper decorated laminate by embossing method

Studies of the Cracking Behaviour of High-Pressure Laminates

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