Improving Healthcare Accessibility through Point-of-Care Technologies

Price, Christopher P.; Kricka, Larry J.

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.084707

Cited by 111 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The focus is on "open" standards that will provide the ability to mix and match instruments from various suppliers and enable POCT results to be easily integrated into the LIS/HIS. The end goal is to establish automated data acquisition techniques by applying POCT coupled with telecommunications links to provide integrated 210 and electronic health records (EHRs). This approach will enable the enhancement of computerized decision support tools that make use of structured and integrated records systems to support improvements in health care.…”

Section: Information Management In Poctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Applications of Portable Biosensors

2015

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The significance of microfluidics-based and microelectromechanical systems-based biosensors has been widely acknowledged, and many reviews have explored their potential applications in clinical diagnostics, personalized medicine, global health, drug discovery, food safety, and forensics. Because health care costs are increasing, there is an increasing need to remotely monitor the health condition of patients by point-of-care-testing. The demand for biosensors for detection of biological warfare agents has increased, and research is focused on ways of producing small portable devices that would allow fast, accurate, and on-site detection. In the past decade, the demand for rapid and accurate on-site detection of plant disease diagnosis has increased due to emerging pathogens with resistance to pesticides, increased human mobility, and regulations limiting the application of toxic chemicals to prevent spread of diseases. The portability of biosensors for onsite diagnosis is limited due to various issues, including sample preparation techniques, fluid-handling techniques, the limited lifetime of biological reagents, device packaging, integrating electronics for data collection/analysis, and the requirement of external accessories and power. Many microfluidic, electronic, and biological design strategies, such as handling liquids in biosensors without pumps/valves, the application of droplet-based microfluidics, paper-based microfluidic devices, and wireless networking capabilities for data transmission, are being explored.

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Section: Information Management In Poctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Applications of Portable Biosensors

2015

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“…tmRNA contains organism-specific sequences, has a higher stability compared to mRNA and has a high copy number per bacterial cell. The same group has shown sample processing of cells, their cultivation and different bioassays including gene expression analysis in the nanoliter range using NASBA [91].…”

Section: Nasba: Nucleic Acid Sequence-based Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal Amplification and Quantification of Nucleic Acids and its Use in Microsystems

Tröger¹,

Niemann²,

Gärtig³

et al. 2015

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

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Nucleic acid amplification technologies (NAATs) offer the most sensitive tests in the clinical laboratory. These techniques are used as a powerful tool for screening and diagnosis of infectious diseases. Isothermal methods, as an alternative to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), require no thermocycling machine and can mostly be performed with reduced time, high throughput, and accurate and reliable results.However, current molecular diagnostic approaches generally need manual analysis by qualified and experienced personal which is a highly complex, time-consuming and labor-intensive task. Thus, the demand for simpler, miniaturized systems and assays for pathogen detection is steadily increasing. Microfluidic platforms and lab-on-a-chip devices have many advantages such as small sample volume, portability and rapid detection time and enable point-of-care diagnosis.In this article, we review several isothermal amplification methods and their implementation in microsystems in relation to quantification of nucleic acids. miniaturized systems can be diverse. The majority of publications are focussed on clinical diagnostics including foodborne organisms for environmental monitoring [10][11][12]. In case of an infectious disease, cultivation and phenotypic characterization are still the standard methods of microbiologists which need days up to weeks to obtain a diagnostic result. Hence, scientists started to make use of nucleic acid amplification methods to accelerate the analysis. The most widespread and well known technique for this purpose is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [10,13], which exploits the activity of the DNA polymerase. The method is based on a thermal cycling process consisting of repeated cycles of heating and cooling steps allowing for DNA melting, sequence specific primer binding and enzymatic amplification of the target nucleic acid. The quantitative assessment of target copies is possible by using a real-time PCR approach, where a concentration dependent signal (e.g. fluorescence) increases over time [14]. The latter enables the user to easily assess the pathogen load of patient samples [15][16][17][18]. Since the first example of a PCR on a miniaturized system in 1994 [19,20], numerous devices were presented, which integrate not just the amplification, but also sample preparation and detection steps [9,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Just a few of those microsystems have reached the market so far, but some have shown a fascinating potential to replace the classical laboratory-oriented state-of-the art [29][30][31][32][33]. setups has been shown to obtain a similar result [34]. A smaller heat capacity allows for rapid changes in temperature beneficial for the PCR time as well as a higher parallelism of multiple genetic samples [34].However, a major drawback of the integration of PCR to microsystems is the necessity of sophisticated instrumentation. The reaction requires a thermal cycling instrumentation, space and considerable expertise [35]. Therefore, isothermal reactions for the ta...

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“…In the battle field, these requirements are even more stringent in that the assay system should be carried around as handheld device, simple and lightweight and withstand extreme environments. Over the last couple of years a variety of different POC platforms have been developed (Price & Kricka 2007). These POC assay platform comprise different design concepts and detection technologies based on their intended use.…”

Section: Novel Strategies For Discovery Validation and Fda Approval mentioning

confidence: 99%