Improving Farming Systems in Northern European Conditions

Peltonen‐Sainio, Pirjo; Rajala, Ari; Känkänen, Hannu; Hakala, Kaija

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374431-9.00004-9

Cited by 29 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…However, as N use efficiency of swards can be considerably lower under grazing compared to cutting (Nevens and Reheul, 2003), and as climate change is expected to create a higher potential for leaching in grazed grassland compared to cut grassland (Saarijärvi et al, 2004;Stuart et al, 2011), N fertilization has to be judiciously adjusted to prevailing management practices and climatic conditions in grazed systems to avoid excessive N leaching. In the current Nordic climate, excessive precipitation frequently causes problems with farm operations (Peltonen-Sainio et al, 2009;Olesen et al, 2011). Increased precipitation and waterlogged soils could make establishment of new leys, application of fertilizer, and harvesting challenging in some years, and is likely to increase nutrient runoff during winter (Saarijärvi et al, 2007;Edwards et al, 2007;Deelstra et al, 2011).…”

Section: Adapting Grassland Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

Ergon

Seddaiu

Korhonen

et al. 2018

European Journal of Agronomy

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Climate change and its eﬀects on grassland productivity vary across Europe. The Mediterranean and Nordic regions represent the opposite ends of a gradient of changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, with increasingly warmer and wetter winters in the north and increasingly warmer and drier summers in the south. Warming and elevated concentration of atmospheric CO2 may boost forage production in the Nordic region. Production in many Mediterranean areas is likely to become even more challenged by drought in the future, but elevated CO2 can to some extent alleviate drought limitation on photosynthesis and growth. In both regions, climate change will aﬀect forage quality and lead to modiﬁcations of the annual productivity cycles, with an extended growing season in the Nordic region and a shift towards winter in the Mediterranean region. This will require adaptations in defoliation and fertilization strategies. The identity of species and mixtures with optimal performance is likelyto shift somewhat inresponse to altered climate and management systems. Itis argued that breeding of grassland species should aimto (i) improve plantstrategies to cope with relevant abiotic stresses and (ii) optimize growth and phenology to new seasonal variation, and that plant diversity at all levels is a good adaptation strategy

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Section: Adapting Grassland Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Nordic region, the short growing season generally limits agricultural production (Peltonen-Sainio et al, 2009). Thus, longer growing season is favourable, especially in spring when water supply and solar radiation is optimal for growth.…”

Section: Forage Dry Matter Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

Ergon

Seddaiu

Korhonen

et al. 2018

European Journal of Agronomy

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“…Early summer drought often interferes with the plant stand establishment of field crops that are typically sown in May. It also interferes with crop development and growth at the most critical phases of yield determination, thereby causing frequent yield losses (Peltonen-Sainio et al, 2009a). As an example, for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) only about 30-60% of the precipitation needed for undisturbed yield formation fell on average over three decades, depending on the region (Peltonen-Sainio et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…invasions. Furthermore, waterlogged soils do not bear harvesting machinery, which again causes a high risk for soil compaction (Peltonen-Sainio et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing season precipitation in Finland under recent and projected climate

Ylhäisi

Tietäväinen

Peltonen‐Sainio

et al. 2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The past and projected future precipitation sum in May-September for two areas in Finland, one located in the south-west (SW) and the other in the north-east (NE), is studied using 13 regional climate simulations and three observational datasets. The conditions in the present-day climate for agricultural crop production are far more favourable in the south-western part of the country than the more continental north-eastern Finland. Based on a new high-resolution observational precipitation dataset for Finland (FMI grid), with a resolution of 10×10 km, the only statistically significant past long-term precipitation tendencies in the two study regions are positive. Differences between FMI grid and two other observational datasets during 1961-2000 are rather large in the NE, whereas in the SW the datasets agree better. Observational uncertainties stem from the interpolation and sampling errors. The projected increases in precipitation in the early stage of the growing season would be most favourable for agricultural productivity, but the projected increases in August and September might be harmful. Model projections for the future indicate a statistically significant increase in precipitation for most of the growing season by 2100, but the distribution of precipitation within the growing season is not necessarily the most optimal.

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“…Risks associated with nitrogen leaching into natural water systems is high in northern Europe and especially in Finland with its more than 100000 lakes, 14000 km of Baltic coastline (Peltonen-Sainio et al 2009d), and substantial annual precipitation averaging 500-650 mm for 1970. While grasslands ensure continuous ground cover in the central and northern parts of Finland, spring-sown crops provide only partial ground cover in the main production areas in the south of the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivar improvement and environmental variability in yield removed nitrogen of spring cereals and rapeseed in northern growing conditions according to a long-term dataset

Peltonen‐Sainio¹,

Jauhiainen²

2008

AFSci

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The balance between applied and harvested nitrogen (yield removed nitrogen, YRN %) is a recognized indicator of the risk of N leaching. In this study we monitored the genetic improvements and environmental variability as well as differences among crop species (spring cereals and rapeseed) in YRN in order to characterize changes that have occurred and environmental constraints associated with reducing N leaching into the environment. MTT long-term multi-location field experiments for spring cereals (Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L.), turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.), and oilseed rape (B. napus L.) were conducted in 1988-2008, covering each crop's main production regions. Yield (kg ha -1 ) was recorded and grain/seed nitrogen content (N grain , g kg -1 ) analyzed. Total yield N (N yield , kg ha -1 ) was determined and YRN (%) was calculated as a ratio between applied and harvested N. A mixed model was used to separate genetic and environmental effects. Year and location had marked effects on YRN and N yield . Average early and/or late season precipitation was often most advantageous for N yield in cereals, while in dry seasons N uptake is likely restricted and in rainy seasons N leaching is often severe. Elevated temperatures during early and/or late growth phases had more consistent, negative impacts on YRN and/or N yield for all crops, except oilseed rape. In addition to substantial variability caused by the environment, it was evident that genetic improvements in YRN have taken place. Hence, YRN can be improved by cultivar selection and through favouring crops with high YRN such as oat in crop rotations.

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Improving Farming Systems in Northern European Conditions

Cited by 29 publications

References 104 publications

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

Growing season precipitation in Finland under recent and projected climate

Cultivar improvement and environmental variability in yield removed nitrogen of spring cereals and rapeseed in northern growing conditions according to a long-term dataset

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