Improving failure analysis efficiency by combining FTA and FMEA in a recursive manner

Peeters, Jfw Johnny; Basten, Rob; Tinga, Tiedo

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2017.11.024

Cited by 207 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…However, the process considers only one failure at a time and not a combined occurrence of failures and their effects. The quality of the analysis essentially depends on the available practical experience with the system and its different components …”

Section: System Safety Assessment and Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of the analysis essentially depends on the available practical experience with the system and its different components. 43 For the FMEA, the system is first divided into subsystems which are then broken down into components, as shown in Table 1. In the present study, we distinguish mechanical components, electronic hardware (HW) components, and software (SW) components.…”

Section: Failure Mode and Effect Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To take this into account, we complement the FMEA by an FTA. 43 The method has been developed in the 1960s for the analysis of a ballistic missile system and subsequently been applied in a broader context to analyze the risks related to safety and economically critical assets. 11,44 A fault tree is a logic diagram describing the relationships between a particular system failure and the individual faults, failures, and malfunctions on component and subcomponent level that contribute to this particular failure.…”

Section: Fault Tree Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving reliability and safety of airborne wind energy systems

Salma

Friedl²,

Schmehl

2019

Wind Energy

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Airborne wind energy systems use tethered flying devices to harvest wind energy beyond the height range accessible to tower-based wind turbines. Current commercial prototypes have reached power ratings of up to several hundred kilowatts, and companies are aiming at long-term operation in relevant environments. As consequence, system reliability, operational robustness, and safety have become crucially important aspects of system development. In this study, we analyze the reliability and safety of a 100-kW technology development platform with the objective of achieving continuous automatic operation. We first outline the different components of the kite power system and its operational modes. In the next step, we identify failure modes, their causes, and effects by means of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). Potentially hazardous situations and mechanisms which can render the system nonoperational are identified, and mitigation measures are proposed. We find that the majority of these measures can be performed by a failure detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) system for which we present a hierarchical architecture adapted from space industry. KEYWORDS airborne wind energy, fault detection, fault isolation, fault recovery, FDIR, FMEA, FTA, health monitoring, kite power, reliability, safety INTRODUCTIONThe increasing need for renewable energy has led to a widespread deployment of wind turbines: initially, only on-shore, but for more than a decade, also off-shore. 1 The trend goes to ever larger turbines with increasing capacity factors because the wind power density generally increases with the distance from the ground, as a result of the wind shear. 2 On the other hand, the cost of larger structures scales unfavorably with a square-cube law and modern wind turbines are approaching an economically feasible size limit. 3 Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems, on the other hand, use tethered flying devices to harvest wind energy beyond the height range accessible to tower-based turbines. 4,5 The use of a tether allows the harvesting height to be adjusted continuously to optimize the availability of the wind resource. Compared with harvesting at the fixed hub height of wind turbines, the wind power that is available 95% of the time increases roughly by a factor of two. 6 Of particular interest are deep-sea applications because a tower is in principle not needed for the operation of the system. The tether attaches to the ground station at sea level, which substantially reduces the structural loads and thus also the required material. 7,8 The lower material effort, the increased capacity factor, and the access to a so far unused wind resource render AWE a potential cornerstone in a future low-carbon energy economy.However, the technology is operationally more complex than conventional wind turbines. Most implemented concepts rely on aerodynamic lift, and the tethered flying devices can thus not be stopped immediately when unexpected wind conditions or system failures occur. Exact...

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Section: System Safety Assessment and Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Failure Mode and Effect Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fault Tree Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improving reliability and safety of airborne wind energy systems

Salma

Friedl²,

Schmehl

2019

Wind Energy

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“…Most research studies calculated the allocation weight according to the RPN of their all possible failure modes obtained by FMEA [1,2,4]. Compared with a bottom-up method of FMEA, FTA is a top-down method and requires less expert knowledge than FMEA [24], but FTA is seldom utilized in reliability allocation [25]. Furthermore, Peeters et al indicate that both methods are time-consuming to apply singly than jointly [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with a bottom-up method of FMEA, FTA is a top-down method and requires less expert knowledge than FMEA [24], but FTA is seldom utilized in reliability allocation [25]. Furthermore, Peeters et al indicate that both methods are time-consuming to apply singly than jointly [24]. It is difficult to figure out every starting point of FMEA and each branch of FTA, as for such a large complex system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New and Practical Reliability Allocation Method for a Complex System of NC Turrets

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Existing methods cannot satisfy the reliability allocation demands of the early design phase for the modern complex system of NC turrets. Motivated by the need of practical application, this paper proposes a new and practical reliability allocation method in the early design stage for NC turrets considering failure mode and system complexity, information inaccessibility, and expert knowledge limitation. First, the fault tree of a NC turret is quickly built to clear the relationship between the system's compositions and failure modes up. Second, the happening probability of each failure event in the fault tree is firstly calculated by fuzzy expert evaluation to provide the reliability allocation with complete information. ird, by discussing the practical meaning of every layer in the fault tree, the proposed allocation strategy is within the experts' knowledge scope for evaluating accurately. Eventually, the application result of the AK36100 A turret is presented and compared with some existing allocation methods, illustrating the rationality of the proposed allocation method.

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Quality assurance for on‐table adaptive magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy: A software tool to complement secondary dose calculation and failure modes discovered in clinical routine

Rippke

Schrenk

Renkamp

et al. 2022

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Online adaption of treatment plans on a magnetic resonance (MR)‐Linac enables the daily creation of new (adapted) treatment plans using current anatomical information of the patient as seen on MR images. Plan quality assurance (QA) relies on a secondary dose calculation (SDC) that is required because a pretreatment measurement is impossible during the adaptive workflow. However, failure mode and effect analysis of the adaptive planning process shows a large number of error sources, and not all of them are covered by SDC. As the complex multidisciplinary adaption process takes place under time pressure, additional software solutions for pretreatment per‐fraction QA need to be used. It is essential to double‐check SDC input to ensure a safe treatment delivery. Here, we present an automated treatment plan check tool for adaptive radiotherapy (APART) at a 0.35 T MR‐Linac. It is designed to complement the manufacturer‐provided adaptive QA tool comprising SDC. Checks performed by APART include contour analysis, electron density map examinations, and fluence modulation complexity controls. For nine of 362 adapted fractions (2.5%), irregularities regarding missing slices in target volumes and organs at risks as well as in margin expansion of target volumes have been found. This demonstrates that mistakes occur and can be detected by additional QA measures, especially contour analysis. Therefore, it is recommended to implement further QA tools additional to what the manufacturer provides to facilitate an informed decision about the quality of the treatment plan.

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Improving failure analysis efficiency by combining FTA and FMEA in a recursive manner

Cited by 207 publications

References 14 publications

Improving reliability and safety of airborne wind energy systems

Improving reliability and safety of airborne wind energy systems

A New and Practical Reliability Allocation Method for a Complex System of NC Turrets

Quality assurance for on‐table adaptive magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy: A software tool to complement secondary dose calculation and failure modes discovered in clinical routine

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