Improving executive function disorders in brain-injured clients

Burke, W. H.; Zencius, Arnie H.; Wesolowski, Michael D.; Doubleday, F

doi:10.3109/02699059109008095

Cited by 104 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our study demonstrated that restoring executive functions is possible. Rehabilitation of executive functions is usually based on compensatory techniques (Burke, Zenicus, Wesolowski & Doubleday, 1991;Cicerone & Wood, 1987;Lawson & Rice, 1989;von Cramon & Matthes-von Cramon, 1994). The main goal is to facilitate adaptation to disability rather than to rehabilitate the damaged function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation of executive deficits in closed head injury and anterior communicating artery aneurysm patients

Stablum¹,

Umiltà²,

Mogentale³

et al. 2000

Psychological Research

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This paper reports a study that was aimed to rehabilitate executive functions in closed head injury (CHI) and anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm patients. The groups tested comprised 10 CHI patients, 9 ACoA aneurysm patients and 19 controls. We employed a dual-task paradigm that is known to tap the ability to co-ordinate two actions. The treatment consisted of five experimental sessions, in which the dual-task paradigm was used. In the CHI study, the dual-task cost was measured before the treatment (assessment), immediately after the treatment (retest), and 3 months after the treatment (follow-up). In the ACoA aneurysm study, the dual-task cost was also assessed 12 months after the treatment. A significant reduction of the dual-task cost from assessment to retest was found. This reduction remained stable in the follow-up sessions. The results are discussed with reference to the absence of spontaneous recovery of this specific executive function and to the possibility that the beneficial effect of the treatment generalises to other executive functions and/or daily living activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation of executive deficits in closed head injury and anterior communicating artery aneurysm patients

Stablum¹,

Umiltà²,

Mogentale³

et al. 2000

Psychological Research

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show abstract

“…For instance, people who make task failures may be helped through training in the use of external aids or compensatory strategies, such as checklists (e.g., see Burke et al, 1991). Robertson, Levine, and their colleagues have also achieved promising results with people with everyday disorganization problems using Goal Management Training and other methods (Robertson, 1996;Levine et al, 2000;Manly et al, 2002).…”

Section: Simplified Multiple Errands Testmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ecological validity of a simplified version of the multiple errands shopping test

Alderman

Burgess

Knight

et al. 2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

286

211

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Shallice and Burgess (1991) reported the utility of the Multiple Errands Test (MET) in discriminating executive deficits in three frontal lobe patients with preserved high IQ, who were otherwise unimpaired on tests of executive function. The aim of this study was to ascertain the value of a simplified version of the MET (MET-SV) for use with the range of people more routinely encountered in clinical practice. Main findings were as follows: 1) The test discriminated well between neurological patients and controls, and the group effects remained when the difference in current general cognitive functions (WAIS-R FSIQ) was taken into account. 2) The best predictors of performance in the healthy control group (n 5 46) were age and the number of times participants asked for help (with more requests associated with poorer performance). 3) In the neurological group, two clear patterns of failure emerged, with performance either characterized by rule breaking or failure to achieve tasks. These two patterns were associated with different dysexecutive symptoms in everyday life. 4) The patients not only made more errors than controls, but also different ones. A scoring method that took this into account markedly increased test sensitivity. 5) Many patients passed traditional tests of executive frontal lobe function but still failed the MET-SV. This pattern was strongly associated with observed dysexecutive symptoms in everyday life. The results demonstrate the clinical utility of the test, and suggest that there are two common and independent sources of failure on multitasking tests in a general neurological population: memory dysfunction, and initiation problems. (JINS, 2003, 9, 31-44.)

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“…Examples of inhibitory control include ignoring competing information while performing a working memory task (Hasher & Zacks, 1988), withholding a prepotent or dominant response (Logan, 1994), or ignoring irrelevant visual information while processing target stimuli (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974). Given the countless sources of interference encountered on a moment-by-moment basis, intact inhibitory control is essential for navigating and interacting effectively with the environment (Burke, Zencius, Wesolowski, & Doubleday, 1991). Whereas a number of studies have reported significant impairments on measures of inhibitory control in individuals with ASD (e.g., Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2004;Minshew, Luna, & Sweeney, 1999;Ozonoff, Strayer, McMahon, & Fillouz, 1994), others have failed to find a difference between individuals with ASD and their control counterparts (e.g., Eskes, Bryson, & McCormick, 1990;Griffith, Pennington, Wehner, & Rogers, 1999;Ozonoff & Jensen, 1999;Ozonoff & Strayer, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Control in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Christ

Holt

White

et al. 2006

J Autism Dev Disord

207

163

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Impairments in executive abilities such as cognitive flexibility have been identified in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It remains unclear, however, whether such individuals also experience impairments in another executive ability: inhibitory control. In the present study, we administered three inhibitory tasks to 18 children with ASD, 23 siblings of children with ASD, and 25 typically developing children. After controlling for individual differences in age, overall IQ, and processing speed, children with ASD demonstrated impaired performance on two of the three inhibitory tasks. Results suggest that children with ASD experience circumscribed deficits in some but not all aspects of inhibitory control. More generally, the findings underscore the importance of using multiple measures to assess a putative single cognitive ability.

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Improving executive function disorders in brain-injured clients

Cited by 104 publications

References 4 publications

Rehabilitation of executive deficits in closed head injury and anterior communicating artery aneurysm patients

Rehabilitation of executive deficits in closed head injury and anterior communicating artery aneurysm patients

Ecological validity of a simplified version of the multiple errands shopping test

Inhibitory Control in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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