“…In addition, the analysis of peak precipitation shows that deforestation creates difficulty for forecasting processes by disrupting the region's ecosystem and increasing the probability of wet years and drought occurrences and causes more damage to the agricultural fields. The distinguishing aspect of this study is the optimization of ANNs to increase the accuracy of forecasting peak points, which indicates the advantages of the work compared with other investigations in different domains of hydrology without accurate evaluations of peak points (Ju et al, ; Maier et al, ; Valipour and Montazar, , ; Valipour, , , , , , , ; Kan et al, ).…”