Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

Kaewpila, Chatchai; Gunun, Pongsatorn; Kesorn, Piyawit; Subepang, Sayan; Thip-uten, Suwit; Cai, Yimin; Pholsen, Suradej; Cherdthong, Anusorn; Khota, Waroon

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81505-z

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similarly, ruminal fluid collected from beef steers fed diets containing corn silage or sorghum silage also showed unchanged amounts of methane [43]. However, recent studies indicated that the addition of suitable inoculants to sorghum ensiling, such as Lactobacillus casei TH14, can mitigate ruminal methane emission in animals [48]. Wilk et al [49] obtained a positive effect with the addition of Lactobacillus buchneri on the ruminal degradability of ensiled sucrosorgo bagasse in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Diets for Dairy Cows Based on Selected Sorghum Cultivars Compared to Maize, Rye and Grass Silage

et al. 2021

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An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the impact of silage produced from selected varieties of sorghum on the microbial fermentation profile of cows’ ruminal fluid. To determine the main microbial fermentation products, ruminal fluid samples were obtained from Polish Holstein–Friesian cows. Serum bottles were filled with 80 mL of ruminal samples, and 1 g of one of the following substrates was added: corn silage (CS), grass silage (GS), rye silage (RS), sorghum silage (sweet) (SS1), sorghum silage (grain) (SS2) or sorghum silage (dual-purpose) (SS3). The serum bottles were flushed with CO2 and fermented for 8 and 24 h at 39 °C. After incubation, the obtained gas and rumen fluid were then analysed to determine the methane and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents using gas chromatography. The use of sorghum silage (SS) resulted in a decrease in the total concentration VFA concentration in the ruminal fluid compared with the use of other silages, especially GS. Moreover, the ruminal fluid contained a lower molar proportion of propionic and butyric acids when SS was used compared with CS. The butyric acid proportion was higher in SS samples than in RS samples. The differences in chemical composition between sorghum varieties did not influence the rumen VFA concentration or profile. A decrease in gas production, but without effects on methanogenesis, was observed when SS was used compared with GS and CS. The analysis demonstrates the physiological processes of fermentation in the rumen, as evidenced by the products of microbial fermentation. The main advantage is that the addition of SS, irrespective of the plant variety, reduced fermentation gas production in the ruminal fluid compared with CS. The silage of the analyzed sorghum varieties may be used in the diets of dairy cows as a substitute for corn and grass silages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Diets for Dairy Cows Based on Selected Sorghum Cultivars Compared to Maize, Rye and Grass Silage

et al. 2021

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“…Similar RFV values of forage S and M were also stated by Neves et al (2015) and Kızılşimşek et al (2020). Kaewpila et al (2021) indicated that to promote lactic acid fermentation, the fresh form of ensiling material must include at least 5 log cfu g -1 epiphytic bacteria. Otherwise, harmful bacteria should not be controlled during the ensiling period without any silage additives.…”

Section: Table 2 Fermentation Quality and Chemical Composition Of Silagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these factors, plant height, maturity stage at harvest, chopt length, and additives also influence sorghum's nutritional quality of ensiling (Zurak et al, 2018;Da Silva et al, 2012). It was stated in the literature that some sorghum varieties did not meet the nitrogen requirements of ruminants when fed without a concentratefree diet and resulted in insufficient total digestible nutrients (Kaewpila et al, 2021). The cell wall components of sorghum silages (ADF and ADL content) decrease ruminants' acceptance rate and reduce forage digestibility (Thomas, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Nutritional Quality and Aerobic Stability of Sorghum, Maize, and Sorghum-Maize Mixture Silages

Esen

Okuyucu

Koç

et al. 2022

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi

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The current study aimed to determine the nutritional quality and aerobic stability of sorghum, maize, and their mixture silages without any additives. Sorghum and maize were harvested at dough stage from a local farm in Tekirdağ. Fresh plant materials were chopped to a length of 2-3 cm and packed into polythene bags, and vacuumed. A total of 12 vacuum-packed silos (4 replications in each treatment) were prepared with sorghum (S), maize (M), and a mixture of sorghum-maize (SM) forage (w:w, 50:50 according to dry matter) and stored at room temperature for 60 days. The chemical and microbiological composition of silages with the rate of aerobic deterioration upon aerobic exposure were evaluated. Based on the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration, all silages could be classified as good quality. The water-soluble carbohydrate level of the SM group increased due to mixing S and M forages, leading to improved lactic acid content. The NDF and ADF values of silages varied between 520.52-588.32 and 234.98-309.01 g kg -1 , and the differences between silages were significant (P<0.01). The Hemicellulose/Cellulose ratio of S, M, and SM silages were found 0.94, 1.49, and 1.18, respectively. The lactobacilli and yeast content of silages were significant and varied between 5.18-7.41 and 5.18-7.29 log cfu g -1 , and the highest and lowest values were observed in SM and S silages, respectively (P<0.01). No visible mold was detected in all silages after 5 days of aerobic exposure (P>0.05). The pH, CO2, and yeast numbers were varied in groups between 4. 88-6.74, 55.71-119.33 g kg -1 , and 8.40-9.01 log cfu g -1 . It was concluded that it is possible to improve the nutritional and fermentation characteristics of sorghum and maize silage by ensiling their mixture. However, it is highly recommended that silage additives should be used to guarantee and strengthen the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage mostly made by a mixture of these two energetic forage crops.

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“…The samples were investigated for gas production and in vitro digestibility of DM (IVDMD), NDF (IVNDFD), and ADF (IVADFD) at 48 h after incubation in triplicate using a gas production technique described by Makkar et al [31]. The in vitro gas produced was stored for measuring the methane production using the method described by Kaewpila et al [13]. Briefly, rumen fluid was obtained before the morning feeding from two lactating Holstein dairy cows by a stomach-tube sucker.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of silage additives normally include both chemical and biological compounds such as alkalis, acids, fermentable sugar substrates, LAB inoculant, and cellulase [9][10][11]. The addition of some LAB inoculants was demonstrated to reduce enteric methane production [12][13][14][15]. In our previous energy balance studies, the enteric methane emissions of tropical cattle fed agricultural residues and by-products were a little high and needed mitigation strategies for use on farms [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production

et al. 2022

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Sunn hemp (SH, Crotalaria juncea, L.) is a tropical multiple-purpose legume. The green manure SH (GMSH) crop might display protein ecology in sustaining ruminants; however, its silage features remain unclear. To efficiently prepare GMSH crop silage, additive treatments consisting of control (no additive, CON), molasses (MO), Acremonium cellulase (AC), and Lactobacillus casei TH14 strain inoculant (TH14) were implemented using a completely randomized design. Repeated measurements were done after silage (AE conditions) in a small-scale silo system for 120 days and after aerobic instability (AE + AIS conditions). Briefly, ensiling loss and aerobic stability ranged from 150 to 175 g/kg and 8.3 to 104 days, respectively. In AE conditions, the pH ranged from 4.33 to 5.74, and MO or AC was desirable (p < 0.01) for lactic acid fermentation. AC reduced the fiber contents. MO increased soluble non-protein nitrogen by decreasing insoluble nitrogen. TH14 increased the ammonia nitrogen level and in vitro methane production. In AE + AIS conditions, AC led to more air damage to the chemical compositions and reduced digestibility in vitro. The results show that an optimization of additives could effectively modify GMSH crop silage to make it a good protein roughage source; however, more studies are required for effectively feeding ruminants.

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Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in the In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Diets for Dairy Cows Based on Selected Sorghum Cultivars Compared to Maize, Rye and Grass Silage

Changes in the In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Diets for Dairy Cows Based on Selected Sorghum Cultivars Compared to Maize, Rye and Grass Silage

Determination of Nutritional Quality and Aerobic Stability of Sorghum, Maize, and Sorghum-Maize Mixture Silages

Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production

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